Chemistry and Chemical Biology

CHEM 5501. Chemical Safety in the Research Laboratory. (1 Hour)

Covers the material needed to complete successfully all the online safety training that is required for our graduate students, best practices for the safe execution of common chemical laboratory procedures, advanced procedures, as well as incidents from the recent literature. Includes discussions of case studies on topics relevant for the safe and effective use of chemicals and other materials in a research laboratory environment. Undergraduates may enroll with permission of the instructor. May be repeated two times.

CHEM 5550. Introduction to Glycobiology and Glycoprotein Analysis. (3 Hours)

Covers the background and methods used for glycoprotein characterization. Offers students an opportunity to obtain the background needed to assess the analytical steps necessary for development of glycoprotein drugs. Analyzes regulatory issues behind glycoprotein drug development. Covers recent developments in analytical and regulatory sciences.

CHEM 5599. Introduction to Research Skills and Ethics in Chemistry. (0 Hours)

Seeks to prepare students for success in CHEM 5600 and in CHEM 7730. May be repeated once. Must be taken in consecutive semesters before registration into CHEM 5600 and CHEM 7730.

CHEM 5600. Research Skills and Ethics in Chemistry. (3 Hours)

Discusses ethics in science. Topics include documentation of work in your laboratory notebook, safety in a chemistry research laboratory, principles of experimental design, online computer searching to access chemical literature, reading and writing technical journal articles, preparation and delivery of an effective oral presentation, and preparation of a competitive research proposal.

Prerequisite(s): CHEM 5599 with a minimum grade of S

CHEM 5610. Polymer Chemistry. (3 Hours)

Discusses the synthesis and analysis of polymer materials. Covers mechanisms and kinetics of condensation/chain-growth polymerization reactions and strategies leading to well-defined polymer architectures and compositions, including living polymerizations (free radical, cationic, anionic), catalytic approaches, and postpolymerization functionalization. Discusses correlation of chemical composition and structure to physical properties and applications.

Prerequisite(s): ((CHEM 2317 with a minimum grade of C- or CHEM 2313 with a minimum grade of C- ); (CHEM 3401 (may be taken concurrently) with a minimum grade of C- or CHEM 3421 (may be taken concurrently) with a minimum grade of C- or CHEM 3431 (may be taken concurrently) with a minimum grade of C- )) or graduate program admission

CHEM 5611. Analytical Separations. (3 Hours)

Describes the theory and practice of separating the components of complex mixtures in the gas and liquid phase. Also includes methods to enhance separation efficiency and detection sensitivity. Covers thin-layer, gas, and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and recently developed techniques based on HPLC including capillary and membrane-based separation, and capillary electrophoresis.

CHEM 5612. Principles of Mass Spectrometry. (3 Hours)

Describes the theory and practice of ion separation in electrostatic and magnetic fields and their subsequent detection. Topics include basic principles of ion trajectories in electrostatic and magnetic fields, design and operation of inlet systems and electron impact ionization, and mass spectra of organic compounds.

CHEM 5613. Optical Methods of Analysis. (3 Hours)

Describes the application of optical spectroscopy to qualitative and quantitative analysis. Includes the principles and application of emission, absorption, scattering and fluorescence spectroscopies, spectrometer design, elementary optics, and modern detection technologies.

CHEM 5614. Electroanalytical Chemistry. (3 Hours)

Describes the theory of electrode processes and modern electroanalytical experiments. Topics include the nature of the electrode-solution interface (double layer models), mass transfer (diffusion, migration, and convection), types of electrodes, reference electrodes, junction potentials, kinetics of electrode reactions, controlled potential methods (cyclic voltammetry, chronoamperometry), chronocoulometry and square wave voltammetry, and controlled current methods (chronopotentiometry).

CHEM 5617. Protein Mass Spectrometry Laboratory. (3 Hours)

Offers students an opportunity to develop an appreciation of the appropriate choice of mass spectrometer for a particular application.

CHEM 5620. Protein Chemistry. (3 Hours)

Describes proteins (what they are, where they come from, and how they work) in the context of analytical analysis and molecular medicine. Discusses the chemical properties of proteins, protein synthesis, and the genetic origins of globular proteins in solution, membrane proteins, and fibrous proteins. Covers the physical intra- and intermolecular interactions that proteins undergo along with descriptions of protein conformation and methods of structural determination. Explores protein folding as well as protein degradation and enzymatic activity. Highlights protein purification and biophysical characterization in relation to protein analysis, drug design, and optimization.

Prerequisite(s): CHEM 2313 with a minimum grade of C- or CHEM 2317 with a minimum grade of C- or graduate program admission

CHEM 5621. Principles of Chemical Biology. (3 Hours)

Explores the use of natural and unnatural small-molecule chemical tools to probe macromolecules, including affinity labeling and click chemistry. Covers nucleic acid sequencing technologies and solid-phase synthesis of nucleic acids and peptides. Discusses in-vitro selection techniques, aptamers, and quantitative issues in library construction. Uses molecular visualization software tools to investigate structures of macromolecules. Intended for graduate and advanced undergraduate students.

Prerequisite(s): ((CHEM 2313 with a minimum grade of C- or CHEM 2317 with a minimum grade of C- ); (CHEM 2321 with a minimum grade of C- or CHEM 2331 with a minimum grade of C- or CHEM 3331 with a minimum grade of C- ); (CHEM 3401 (may be taken concurrently) with a minimum grade of C- or CHEM 3421 (may be taken concurrently) with a minimum grade of C- or CHEM 3431 (may be taken concurrently) with a minimum grade of C- )) or graduate program admission

CHEM 5622. Lab for CHEM 5621. (1 Hour)

Accompanies CHEM 5621. Complements and reinforces the concepts from CHEM 5621 with emphasis on fundamental techniques. Offers an opportunity to complete independent projects in modern chemical biology research.

Prerequisite(s): ((CHEM 2313 with a minimum grade of C- or CHEM 2317 with a minimum grade of C- ); (CHEM 2321 with a minimum grade of C- or CHEM 2331 with a minimum grade of C- or CHEM 3331 with a minimum grade of C- ); (CHEM 3401 (may be taken concurrently) with a minimum grade of C- or CHEM 3421 (may be taken concurrently) with a minimum grade of C- or CHEM 3431 (may be taken concurrently) with a minimum grade of C- ); (ENGL 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGL 1102 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1102 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1113 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1114 with a minimum grade of C )) or graduate program admission

Attribute(s): NUpath Writing Intensive

CHEM 5625. Chemistry and Design of Protein Pharmaceuticals. (3 Hours)

Covers the chemical transformations and protein engineering approaches to protein pharmaceuticals. Describes protein posttranslational modifications, such as oxidation, glycosylation, formation of isoaspartic acid, and disulfide. Then discusses bioconjugate chemistry, including those involved in antibody-drug conjugate and PEGylation. Finally, explores various protein engineering approaches, such as quality by design (QbD), to optimize the stability, immunogenicity, activity, and production of protein pharmaceuticals. Discusses the underlying chemical principles and enzymatic mechanisms as well.

Prerequisite(s): (CHEM 2317 with a minimum grade of C- or CHEM 2313 with a minimum grade of C- or graduate program admission); (CHEM 5620 (may be taken concurrently) with a minimum grade of C- or CHEM 5620 (may be taken concurrently) with a minimum grade of C- or CHEM 5621 (may be taken concurrently) with a minimum grade of C- or CHEM 5621 (may be taken concurrently) with a minimum grade of C- )

CHEM 5626. Organic Synthesis 1. (3 Hours)

Surveys types of organic reactions including stereochemistry, influence of structure and medium, mechanistic aspects, and synthetic applications.

CHEM 5627. Mechanistic and Physical Organic Chemistry. (3 Hours)

Surveys foundational concepts of physical organic chemistry, including thermodynamics, kinetics, and solvent and isotope effects. Treats structure/reactivity relationships in the context of how they can be used in understanding and predicting organic chemistry mechanisms. Topics include conformational analysis, molecular orbital theory, aromaticity, orbital symmetry, and how they are applied to understanding organic and organometallic reactions such as aldol, pericyclic, and other stereoselective reactions. Discusses reaction mechanisms that involve intermediates, including anions, cations, radicals, and carbenes.

CHEM 5628. Principles of Spectroscopy of Organic Compounds. (3 Hours)

Studies how to determine organic structure based on proton and carbon nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, with additional information from mass and infrared spectra and elemental analysis. Presents descriptive theory of nuclear magnetic resonance experiments and applications of advanced techniques to structure determination. Includes relaxation, nuclear Overhauser effect, polarization transfer, and correlation in various one- and two- dimensional experiments. Requires graduate students to have one year of organic chemistry or equivalent.

Prerequisite(s): CHEM 2313 with a minimum grade of C- or CHEM 2317 with a minimum grade of C- or graduate program admission

CHEM 5630. Nucleic Acid Chemistry. (3 Hours)

Offers a broadband introduction to the field of nucleic acid chemistry. Nucleic acids are vital for biology, but their roles have been greatly expanded beyond storage of genetic information. The breadth of utility of nucleic acids stems from a precise understanding of their structures, modern means to synthesize and modify them, and the ability for nucleic acids to engage with varieties of enzymes/proteins and other synthetic/biological systems. Foundational topics include nucleic acid structure, physicochemical properties, syntheses of nucleosides/nucleotides/oligonucleotides, chemical modification of nucleic acids, methods to manipulate and analyze nucleic acids (e.g., PCR, sequencing, and electrophoresis). Advanced topics include nucleic acid therapeutics (e.g., siRNA, antisense technology, CRISPR, and aptamers); DNA damage and repair; and DNA for materials science (e.g., DNA nanotechnology).

CHEM 5636. Statistical Thermodynamics. (3 Hours)

Briefly reviews classical thermodynamics before undertaking detailed coverage of statistical thermodynamics, including probability theory, the Boltzmann distribution, partition functions, ensembles, and statistically derived thermodynamic functions. Reconsiders the basic concepts of statistical thermodynamics from the modern viewpoint of information theory. Presents practical applications of the theory to problems of contemporary interest, including polymers and biopolymers, nanoscale systems, molecular modeling, and bioinformatics.

Prerequisite(s): CHEM 3401 with a minimum grade of C- or CHEM 3421 with a minimum grade of C- or CHEM 3431 with a minimum grade of C- or graduate program admission

CHEM 5638. Molecular Modeling. (3 Hours)

Introduces molecular modeling methods that are basic tools in the study of macromolecules. Is structured partly as a practical laboratory using a popular molecular modeling suite, and also aims to elucidate the underlying physical principles upon which molecular mechanics is based. These principles are presented in supplemental lectures or in laboratory workshops.

CHEM 5640. Biopolymeric Materials. (3 Hours)

Examines the structure, properties, and processing of biomaterials, the forms of matter that are produced by or interact with biological systems. One of the pillars of biomedical engineering is to use naturally derived and synthetic biomaterials to treat, augment, or replace human tissues.

CHEM 5641. Computational Chemistry. (3 Hours)

Introduces basic concepts, methods, techniques, and recent advances in computational chemistry and their relevance to experimental characterizations such as spectroscopy. Topics include electronic structure theory (wave function theory and density functional theory), principles of molecular dynamics simulations, multiscale modeling, machine learning, and quantum computing relevant to computational chemistry. Builds a theoretical foundation for students to properly choose computational methods to solve common research problems in chemistry, biochemistry, and materials science. Also introduces the field of research in computational chemistry. Suitable for advanced undergraduate students and graduate students who plan to conduct research in the field of computational chemistry or plan to utilize computational techniques to complement experimental research in the molecular sciences.

CHEM 5642. Photochemistry Fundamentals and Applications. (3 Hours)

Describes fundamental science of light-activated chemistry and photochemistry applications. Topics include organic and inorganic photochemistry and their applications in solar energy, solar fuels, photocatalysis, bioimaging, photochemotherapy, pigments, and photonics.

Prerequisite(s): (CHEM 1151 with a minimum grade of D- or CHEM 1161 with a minimum grade of D- ) or graduate program admission

CHEM 5643. Plastics Sustainability and Circular Economy: A Chemical Perspective. (3 Hours)

Explores the measures taken by both academia and industry to address plastic pollution and to integrate these materials into circular economy systems. Examines plastic pollution from a chemical perspective by delving into the properties of polymers and their composites at the molecular level, aiming to understand the root causes of this pervasive problem. Offers students an opportunity to obtain a deeper understanding of the challenges posed by plastic pollution and the innovative solutions being developed to combat it.

CHEM 5648. Chemical Principles and Application of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics. (3 Hours)

Offers students an opportunity to obtain a comprehensive grounding in the chemistry of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) and its application to drug design and optimization. Multiple rounds of chemical synthesis and testing are usually required to discover new drugs with the appropriate balance of properties such as potency and selectivity, efficacy in preclinical models of disease, safety, and pharmacokinetics. Introduces students to modern tools and concepts utilized to screen for favorable DMPK properties, as well as methods to predict human PK from in vitro and preclinical data. Examines the linkage between drug levels in the body, pharmacodynamic response (PK/PD), and drug-drug interactions in the context of the iterative process of chemical drug synthesis.

CHEM 5649. Numerical Strategies and Data Analytics for Chemical Sciences. (4 Hours)

Introduces a broad range of numerical methods for solving large-scale, data-driven problems that arise in chemical engineering, chemistry, biochemistry, and other chemical sciences. Offers students an opportunity to obtain a detailed understanding of the derivation, analysis, and use of these numerical methods and learn how these lay the foundations to machine learning techniques. Topics include numerical programming logic, linear and nonlinear algebraic equations, polynomial fitting, numerical calculus, optimization techniques, and large-scale data analysis. Applies to a broad field of chemical and biochemical sciences, where large-scale multivariate data analyses and pattern extraction are key components.

Prerequisite(s): ((MATH 1341 with a minimum grade of D- ; MATH 1342 with a minimum grade of D- ) or (MATH 2321 with a minimum grade of D- ; MATH 2341 with a minimum grade of D- )) or graduate program admission

CHEM 5651. Materials Chemistry of Renewable Energy. (3 Hours)

Studies renewable energy in terms of photovoltaics, photoelectrochemistry, fuel cells, batteries, and capacitors. Focuses on the aspects of each component and their relationships to one another.

Prerequisite(s): ((CHEM 2313 with a minimum grade of C- or CHEM 2317 with a minimum grade of C- ); CHEM 3403 with a minimum grade of C- ) or graduate program admission

CHEM 5653. Electrochemistry of Renewable Energy Devices. (1 Hour)

Presents the electrochemistry of renewable energy, an extremely interdisciplinary science encompassing sensors, surface technology, materials science, microsystems technology, nanotechnology, energy storage, and conversion. Offers hands-on experience with characterization of energy storage and conversion devices. Emphasizes photovoltaics and batteries.

Prerequisite(s): CHEM 5614 with a minimum grade of C+ or CHEM 5614 with a minimum grade of C+ or CHEM 5651 with a minimum grade of C+ or CHEM 5651 with a minimum grade of C+

CHEM 5655. Molecular Symmetry and Group Theory. (3 Hours)

Covers symmetry operations; point groups and classification of molecules into point groups; as well as matrix representation of symmetry operations, orthogonality theorem, and its use in determining irreducible representation spanned by a basis. Studies decomposition of reducible representation and direct products, characters and character tables, and reviews quantum mechanics. Also covers infrared and Raman spectroscopy, normal modes of vibrations, determining symmetry of vibrations, the role of symmetry in selection rules, LCAO MO theory, Hückel method, electronic spectroscopy, and vibronic spectroscopy and symmetry.

CHEM 5660. Analytical Biochemistry. (3 Hours)

Covers the analysis of biological molecules, which include nucleic acids, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and metabolites. Discusses isolation, characterization, and quantification of these molecules.

CHEM 5670. Global Biogeochemistry. (4 Hours)

Examines the biological, chemical, and physical interactions that shape our global environment. These interactions combine in the global biogeochemical cycles. Industrial emission of gases, use of fertilizers and plastics, and the expansion of cities are altering the biogeochemical cycling of the elements carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus at rates unprecedented in the geological record. Uses lectures and the latest update to Chapter 6, “Carbon and Other Biogeochemical Cycles,” of the International Panel on Climate Change report to explore the main interactions between human activity, biogeochemical change, and climate. Discusses primary literature to delve deeper into these interactions.

Attribute(s): NUpath Natural/Designed World

CHEM 5672. Organic Synthesis 2. (3 Hours)

Continues CHEM 5626. Surveys types of organic reactions including stereochemistry, influence of structure and medium, mechanistic aspects, and synthetic applications.

Prerequisite(s): CHEM 5626 with a minimum grade of C- or CHEM 5626 with a minimum grade of D

CHEM 5676. Bioorganic Chemistry. (3 Hours)

Covers host guest complexation by crown ethers, cryptands, podands, spherands, and so forth; molecular recognition including self-replication; peptide and protein structure; coenzymes and metals in bioorganic chemistry; nucleic acid structure; interaction of DNA with proteins and small molecules including DNA-targeted drug design; catalytic RNA; and catalytic antibodies.

Prerequisite(s): (CHEM 5626 with a minimum grade of C- ; CHEM 5627 with a minimum grade of C- ) or graduate program admission

CHEM 5688. Principles of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. (3 Hours)

Presents the physical principles underlying magnetic resonance spectroscopy, including Fourier transform theory, classical and quantum-mechanical treatments of spin angular momentum, the Bloch equations, and spin relaxation. Covers fundamental concepts in time domain magnetic resonance methods, including pulse sequences, selective pulses, phase cycling, coherence pathways, field gradients, and nonuniform sampling. Surveys the NMR methods most commonly applied to chemical structural analysis, including pure shift NMR; 2D correlation (COSY, DQF-COSY, TOCSY, HSQC, HMBC) methods; and cross-relaxation (NOESY, ROESY) methods.

CHEM 5904. Seminar. (1 Hour)

Focuses on oral reports by master of science and PlusOne participants on current research topics in chemistry and chemical biology. May be repeated up to two times.

CHEM 5976. Directed Study. (1-4 Hours)

Offers independent work under the direction of members of the department on a chosen topic. Course content depends on instructor. May be repeated without limit.

CHEM 5984. Research. (1-6 Hours)

Offers an opportunity to conduct research under faculty supervision. May be repeated up to three times for up to 6 total credits.

CHEM 6962. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

CHEM 7710. Laboratory Rotations in Chemistry and Chemical Biology. (0 Hours)

Offers an opportunity for students to gain exposure to research laboratories in the department to help them choose a thesis advisor and project.

CHEM 7750. Advanced Problem Solving. (3 Hours)

Designed to provide skills necessary to lead advanced problem-solving case studies. Faculty mentors in one of three thematic areas chosen from organic and medicinal chemistry, physical and materials chemistry, or analytical and biological chemistry assign casework to students for presentation and analysis in group sessions. Students are required to provide rational solutions to complex problems derived from the contemporary literature and engage in dialogue with faculty mentors to justify their analysis. The faculty mentors assign grades to reflect intellectual maturity and ability of the students to display creative, independent thinking. Full-time PhD students who have successfully completed qualifying examinations only.

CHEM 7962. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

CHEM 7986. Research. (0 Hours)

Offers students an opportunity to conduct full-time research under faculty supervision.

CHEM 7990. Thesis. (1-4 Hours)

Offers thesis supervision by members of the department. May be repeated without limit.

CHEM 7996. Thesis Continuation - Half-Time. (0 Hours)

Offers continuing thesis supervision by members of the department.

CHEM 8504. Graduate Seminar. (1 Hour)

Focuses on oral reports by the participants on current research topics in chemistry and chemical biology. May be repeated without limit.

CHEM 8960. Exam Preparation—Doctoral. (0 Hours)

Offers the student the opportunity to prepare for and take the PhD qualifying exams (cumulative exams).

CHEM 8984. Research. (1-6 Hours)

Offers the chance to conduct original research, written thesis thereon, or to the establishment of doctoral candidacy. May be repeated without limit.

CHEM 8986. Research. (0 Hours)

Offers the student the opportunity to conduct full-time research for the master’s degree. May be repeated without limit.

CHEM 9000. PhD Candidacy Achieved. (0 Hours)

Indicates successful completion of the doctoral comprehensive exam.

CHEM 9984. Research. (1-4 Hours)

Offers an opportunity to conduct research under faculty supervision. May be repeated without limit.

CHEM 9986. Research. (0 Hours)

Offers the student the opportunity to conduct full-time research for the PhD. May be repeated without limit.

CHEM 9990. Dissertation Term 1. (0 Hours)

Offers the student the opportunity to conduct theoretical and experimental research for the PhD degree. Open to chemical biology students.

Prerequisite(s): CHEM 9000 with a minimum grade of S

CHEM 9991. Dissertation Term 2. (0 Hours)

Offers dissertation supervision by members of the department.

Prerequisite(s): CHEM 9990 with a minimum grade of S

CHEM 9996. Dissertation Continuation. (0 Hours)

Offers dissertation supervision by members of the department. Open to chemical biology students.

Prerequisite(s): CHEM 9991 with a minimum grade of S or Dissertation Check with a score of REQ

BIOT 5120. Foundations in Biotechnology. (3 Hours)

Provides an interdisciplinary, state-of-the-art introduction to biotechnology. Covers the molecular foundations of biotechnology, molecular microbiology, receptor pharmacology, drug development processes, biotech process development and scale-up, drug approval and regulatory affairs, genomics, microarray analysis, proteomics, computational biology, molecular modeling, analytical biotechnology, and bioterrorism and biotechnology.

BIOT 5145. Biotechnology Lab Skills. (1 Hour)

Introduces selected key skills and techniques central to life sciences research. Combines hands-on training in basic laboratory skills with lecture and live demonstration. Laboratory exercises highlight the importance of precision/accuracy in dispensation of liquids and in the preparation of solutions and standards, documentation and record keeping, and maintaining a safe and sterile work environment while performing scientific research.

BIOT 5219. The Biotechnology Enterprise. (2 Hours)

Exposes students to the business of biotech from scientific discovery startup through its product launch and subsequent organizational and scientific pipeline growth. Topics include scientific discovery, biotech-related funding and organizational structures, regulatory and clinical trial considerations, biotech alliances, patient access, ethics and compliance, and commercialization and growth while meeting unmet patient or consumer needs in this highly regulated industry. Although the focus is on the highest regulated standards in biopharma, the course also touches upon various aspects of other biotechnology domains.

BIOT 5220. The Role of Patents in the Biotechnology Industry, Past and Future. (1 Hour)

Covers the basics of patenting and the application of patents to the biotechnology industry, including the controversial area of gene patents.

BIOT 5225. Managing and Leading a Biotechnology Company. (3 Hours)

Covers managing projects and personnel in a technology-based organization Such activities are best carried out by those who combine the technical knowledge of their industry with the insight into the best practices for working with groups of highly educated, and often very experienced people. The biotechnology industry is strongly dependent on the concept that knowledge is always shared and ownership is collective. As the fundamental organizational mantra is teamwork, the principles of managing in this environment are key to achieving important goals. How to accomplish this and make decisions that drive innovation and success have common threads with other technology based industries, but with the added complexity of the scientific challenges facing the biotechnology industry. Restricted to students in the Bouvé College of Health Sciences and in the College of Science or by permission of the program office.

Prerequisite(s): BIOT 5219 with a minimum grade of C-

BIOT 5227. Launching Your Science: Biotechnology Entrepreneurship. (3 Hours)

Focuses on the essential startup elements that lead to pitching your science to investors and funding your biopharmaceutical enterprise. Exposes students to the basics of establishing an unmet patient need and matching that to a scientific discovery or biotechnology platform, analyzing the marketplace from a scientific perspective, determining a draft regulatory pathway and product development plan through a target product profile (TPP), appropriately sizing and hiring your early stage management team, and assessing the financial needs and risks for appropriate exit strategies. Students produce a baseline pitch deck as the culminating project for the course.

Prerequisite(s): BIOT 5219 with a minimum grade of C-

BIOT 5228. Planning and Executing Biotechnology Projects. (3 Hours)

Introduces the concepts, principles, and practices of project planning and execution. Emphasizes biotechnology sectors including human health, environment, and agri-food biotechnology. Explores the importance of managing projects and project teams in situations unique to the biotechnology industry including research and development, contract research, and technology transfer. Covers project management systems, tools, and professional codes of conduct and ethics. Requires application of course concepts to a relevant project, emphasizing development of professional skills in effective teamwork, leadership, and managing projects.

Prerequisite(s): BIOT 5219 with a minimum grade of C- or BIOT 5219 with a minimum grade of C- or BIOT 5219 with a minimum grade of C-

BIOT 5330. Drug Safety and Immunogenicity. (3 Hours)

Introduces the fundamental molecular interactions involved in immunological responses as well as in measuring and testing in a research and regulated environment. Other drug-safety-related topics include adventitious agents (viruses, microorganisms, mycoplasma) and risk factors such as product-related substances (aggregates and post-translationally modified variants), endotoxins, DNA, host-cell proteins, process contaminants such as antibiotics, and the means of testing and removing these through validated processes.

BIOT 5340. Introduction to Biotherapeutic Approvals. (3 Hours)

Introduces students to biologics. The class of drugs referred to as biologics or biotherapeutics, proteins drugs, makes up a large portion of the drugs in development and on the market today. Focuses on considerations for approval for such drugs. Offers students an opportunity to learn how to be able to describe and explain both biologics and biosimilars.

BIOT 5400. Scientific Information Management for Biotechnology Managers. (3 Hours)

Introduces biotechnology students to scientific information management specifically related to the biotechnology field. Covers an introduction to data sciences, its history, and how it is relevant to biotech today. Offers students an opportunity to obtain the background needed to assess and use modern data management capabilities such as "the cloud," big data, etc. Covers recent developments in origination of data, metadata, data models, data management, and organization and storage of data in biotechnology.

BIOT 5401. Scientific Communication and Problem Solving in Biotechnology. (3 Hours)

Provides an in-depth examination of the principles and practices of scientific writing, academic integrity, literature analysis, and scientific problem solving. Focuses on effective communication of scientific ideas through various writing genres, including research articles, presentations, and proposals. Explores ethical considerations and best practices in scientific research, including issues related to plagiarism, data falsification, Good Documentation Practice (GDP), and authorship. Emphasizes critical skills in literature analysis and data presentation, including the evaluation and presentation of novel data sets and research articles and the effective integration of scientific literature into writing.

BIOT 5500. Concepts in Regulatory Science. (3 Hours)

Introduces the science that supports regulatory affairs in the biopharmaceutical industry. Focuses on the methods and instruments used to characterize the processes and products of biotechnology including the production, separation, purification, characterization, and formulation of biologics; the pharmacokinetics of proteins; chemical and biological equivalencies of biogenerics; stability testing; high throughput assays; cell system expression; variants; method validation; and quality control.

BIOT 5560. Bioprocess Fundamentals. (3 Hours)

Focuses on the fundamental principles and elements in the process of manufacturing biopharmaceuticals. Covers kinetics of enzymatic reactions; selected microbial and cell metabolism and relevant control mechanisms; kinetics of cell growth, cell death, substrate consumption, and product formation; mathematical modeling and representation of bioprocesses; examples of industrial bioprocesses to illustrate types and operations of upstream and downstream unit operations and mass transfers in fermentation systems—the affecting factors and the impact on process development and scale-up. Also includes an overview of economic considerations. Emphasizes bioprocesses for recombinant protein production.

BIOT 5621. Protein Principles in Biotechnology. (3 Hours)

Discusses the fundamentals in structural biology and biochemistry in drug design and applied biotechnology with special focus on protein chemistry. Explores the nature, structure, and function of proteins in the context of analytical analysis, molecular medicine, and drug discovery. Emphasizes bioinformatics and computational systems biology. Specifically investigates the analysis of ongoing research projects, case studies, and practical concepts of biotechnology.

BIOT 5630. Cell Culture Applications for Biopharmaceuticals. (2 Hours)

Covers principles and concepts in mammalian and other cell culture processes for biopharmaceutical manufacturing with the goal of providing a solid foundation in biopharmaceutical production. Topics include cell line development for protein expression; batch, fed-batch, and perfusion processes; media development; bioreactor operations; impeller designs; bioprocessing, including scale up and scale down; and advancements in cell culture techniques. Emphasizes quality assurance within a current good manufacturing practices environment and examines the entire bioprocessing workflow.

BIOT 5631. Cell Culture Processes for Biopharmaceutical Production. (3 Hours)

Covers the principles and concepts involved in the development of mammalian and other types of cell culture processes for the manufacturing of biopharmaceutical products such as monoclonal antibodies and recombinant proteins. Topics include protein expression and clone generation, batch and perfusion processes and media development, bioreactor operations and scale-up, and innovations in cell culture processes. Regulatory concepts include quality assurance in a cGMP environment.

BIOT 5635. Downstream Processes for Biopharmaceutical Production. (3 Hours)

Addresses the development of recombinant protein purification processes in biotechnology. Provides an overview of the scientific principles, engineering strategies, and unit operations facilities involved in scalable protein purification processes. Also discusses viral clearance and inactivation strategies; cGMP considerations; and technological advances to improve effectiveness and efficiency, such as membrane-based disposable systems.

BIOT 5640. Drug Product Processes for Biopharmaceuticals. (3 Hours)

Introduces patient-focused drug product design for parenteral biopharmaceuticals. Explores the building of product knowledge through preformulation and formulation development, including lyophilization, to meet the target product profile for stability and during use. This expanding knowledge is applied to support of manufacturing processes and containers. Applies Quality-by-Design–based approaches to product development and discusses concepts related to Good Manufacturing Practice manufacturing. Culminates in a group project where teams address industrylike multifaceted problems bridging content from across the materials.

Prerequisite(s): BIOT 5621 with a minimum grade of C- or BIOT 5621 with a minimum grade of C- or CHEM 5620 with a minimum grade of C- or CHEM 5620 with a minimum grade of C-

BIOT 5700. Molecular Interactions of Proteins in Biopharmaceutical Formulations. (3 Hours)

Offers an up-to-date survey and review of the research and understanding of the molecular interactions of proteins in biopharmaceutical formulations, including both liquid and solid formats, during the process of drug product manufacturing. Focuses on protein-protein interactions, protein-excipients (e.g., stabilizers, surfactants) interactions, and protein at interface surfaces interactions that are critical and impactful on the stability and integrity of therapeutic proteins of interest. Emphasizes understanding the mechanistic aspect of the interactions; the approaches, methods, and techniques employed to study these phenomena; and measures considered to modulate such interactions to enhance the performance of the biopharmaceutical formulations. Students who do not meet course prerequisites may seek permission of instructor.

Prerequisite(s): (BIOT 5621 with a minimum grade of C- or BIOT 5621 with a minimum grade of C- ) or (CHEM 5620 with a minimum grade of C- or CHEM 5620 with a minimum grade of C- )

BIOT 5750. Molecular Approaches in Biotechnology. (3 Hours)

Discusses applications of concepts in molecular biology and biochemistry. Focuses on understanding the theory behind common techniques used in biotechnology. Topics include principles and methods for genetic manipulation, gene expression, nucleic acid sequencing, microarrays, and epigenomics. Emphasizes molecular signaling pathways, as well as primer and guide RNA design. Offers students an opportunity to practice proposal writing and other professional skills.

BIOT 5800. Gene Therapies. (2 Hours)

Provides an overview of specific gene therapy applications and diseases that are, or may be, a target of gene therapies. Includes case study analysis of gene therapies with publicly available information, as well as tools for proper identification of gene targets in disease states.

BIOT 5810. Cutting-Edge Applications in Molecular Biotechnology. (3 Hours)

Introduces the uses of molecular biology in a biotechnology setting. Includes a brief review of the basics and then dives into state-of-the-art molecular biology applications used in biotechnology today. These applications include stability and expression of cloned gene products, gene cloning strategies, transgenic species, mutation creation and analysis, DNA fingerprinting, PCR technology, microarray technology, gene probes, gene targeting, gene therapy, stem cell technology, antisense RNA, CAR T-cell therapy, RNA interference, and CRISPR/Cas9.

BIOT 5820. Cellular Therapies. (2 Hours)

The ever-changing landscape of the biotechnology field requires constant training. This course is designed to familiarize participants with some of the most cutting-edge topics available in molecular biology today: stem cells, RNA interference, CRISPR/CAS9, CAR T-cells, gene therapy, and more. Offers participants an opportunity to learn the theory behind these new technologies, how they are done, and their power in scientific discovery and treatment.

BIOT 5830. Regulatory Landscape of Cell and Gene Therapies. (2 Hours)

Introduces the current state of regulatory approvals for cell and gene therapies. Focuses on the scientific and technical considerations for approval for such drugs in the United States, in Europe, and in other key global markets. Explores the scientific challenges in the context of regulatory approval of these products, as well as how the process differs from traditional biotherapeutic product approvals.Examines how these regulatory pathways are evolving with a specific focus on quality, efficacy, and safety throughout the product life cycle (manufacturing through commercialization).

BIOT 5840. Cell and Gene Therapy Lab. (3 Hours)

Introduces selected key skills and techniques central to cell and gene therapy research. Combines hands-on training in cell and gene therapy skills with lecture and demonstration. Laboratory exercises highlight the current technical skills needed in the cell and gene therapy field, such as cell culture, siRNA, CRISPR/Cas9, stem cells, gene therapy, and editing, etc.

BIOT 5850. Higher-Order Structure Analytics. (3 Hours)

Offers a comprehensive look at various aspects of higher- order protein structures in biotherapeutics and their implications on biological drug design. Focuses heavily on protein aggregation, a type of HOS, and analysis of those aggregates including functional implications. Topics include a review of protein structure, protein aggregation, functional aspects, and techniques to reduce HOS using protein expression and purification strategies, protein folding in disease, macromolecular crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance, analytical ultracentrifugation, circular dichroism, light scattering, electron spin labelling, cryo-EM, WAXS, and HDX-MS. Highlights experimental design and application to the biotechnology industry in identifying and reducing HOS.

BIOT 5910. Vaccines and Immunization. (3 Hours)

Emphasizes the importance of using vaccines in order to prevent the spread of infectious diseases and viruses. Discusses the evolution of vaccines throughout medical history (e.g., smallpox, polio), emphasizing lessons learned so they can be adapted to development of new and novel vaccines. Explains the molecular mechanism of how vaccines, such as vaccines that use attenuated virus to more novel vaccines that use mRNA, elicit an immune response. Examines the importance of immunization in the context of the immune system.

BIOT 5920. Foundations in Vaccine Regulatory Science. (3 Hours)

Explores the science behind how regulatory pathways were developed and how vaccines were approved for human use. The pathway for vaccine approvals by national regulatory authorities has been well established for decades. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic created an immediate need to create new vaccines, which also created a new need for the regulatory approval of these vaccines. Examines how SARS-CoV-2 vaccines caused an increased interest in the regulatory science behind vaccine regulatory approval, specifically exploring the use of emergency use authorization (EUA) in getting SARS-CoV-2 vaccines to market. Discusses how the use of EUAs changed the regulatory science landscape of vaccines.

BIOT 5930. Molecular Tools for Vaccine Design. (3 Hours)

Discusses the molecular tools used for vaccine design and development, including the experimental tools used for attenuated whole-organism vaccines, purified macromolecule vaccines, and DNA or mRNA vaccines. Emphasizes vector design and development and specifically the challenges associated with vaccine design and development. Also studies computational tools that aid vaccine development.

BIOT 5964. Projects for Professionals. (0 Hours)

Offers students an applied project setting in which to apply their curricular learning. Working with a sponsor, students refine an applied research topic, perform research, develop recommendations that are shared with a partner sponsor, and create a plan for implementing their recommendations. Seeks to benefit students with a curriculum that supports the development of key business communication skills, project and client management skills, and frameworks for business analysis. Offers students an opportunity to learn from sponsor feedback, review 'lessons learned,' and incorporate suggestions from this review to improve and further develop their career development and professional plan. May be repeated twice.

BIOT 5976. Directed Study. (1-4 Hours)

Offers independent work under the direction of members of the department on chosen topics. May be repeated without limit.

BIOT 6100. Agricultural Biotechnology. (3 Hours)

Explores the key agricultural biotechnology (agritech) principles and methods that are used in industry today; serves as a foundational course exposing students, briefly, to all aspects of agritech. Topics covered include gene transfer and genetic modification; cloning; plant biotechnology, animal science, food and ecological biotechnology; consumer concerns; safety testing; and other issues related to agritech.

BIOT 6214. Experimental Design and Biostatistics. (2 Hours)

Explores the principles of experimental design and statistical analysis. Emphasizes research in the molecular and biological sciences and biotechnology. Topics include probability theory, sampling hypothesis formulation and testing, and parametric and nonparametric statistical methods.

BIOT 6290. Foundation in Quality for Biotechnology. (3 Hours)

Presents concepts, tools, and techniques for real-world, on-the-job application of quality that is practical for a wide range of organizations. Offers an insight into the mindset of quality, along with an overview of the concepts, principles, processes, and activities involved in quality assurance, quality control, and regulatory compliance within the life sciences Industry. Emphasizes understanding the business of biotech; the remit of global regulatory agencies; principles and processes for establishing and enforcing regulation and guidance; quality management systems, operations, and compliance; quality leadership; quality planning; and careers in the quality profession. Includes presentations from a variety of industry experts.

BIOT 6300. Pharmaceutical Microbiology. (3 Hours)

Studies those microorganisms associated with the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, including biopharmaceuticals. Focuses on how to exclude microorganisms, such as exotoxins and endotoxins, from pharmaceutical processes to produce a sterile product. Considers how products react to microorganism contamination and methods of disinfection. Discusses pharmaceutical microbiology as related to clean rooms and controlled environments and methods and specifications related to microorganisms based on the United States Pharmacopeia guidelines. Lastly, discusses facility monitoring, specifically EM/critical utility testing, process monitoring, and maintenance throughout with an emphasis on what regulators expect to see in terms of data.

BIOT 6310. CGMP Statutes and Regulation. (3 Hours)

Focuses on the laws and regulations related to pharmaceuticals manufacture and administration. Discusses an overview of laws and regulations and provides guidance in the context of why they exist, their evolution, and implementation. Specifically focuses on the laws and regulations around good manufacturing practices (GMP), postapproval safety concerns, regulation of manufacture, violations and enforcement, and what to expect during an inspection from a regulatory body. Surveys the laws and regulations on a global level focusing on specific examples related to the United States, Europe, Asia, and other regulatory agencies.

BIOT 6320. Design and Development of Biopharmaceuticals. (3 Hours)

Focuses on the production and processes related to the design and development of pharmaceuticals, especially biopharmaceuticals. Discusses the implementation of a quality management system plan including document processes, procedures, metrics, reporting, and responsibilities aligned with pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies’ business objectives. Emphasizes signaling problems (continual improvement plans), transparency, validation, and team cooperation/dynamics. Topics may include data management, product quality, and quality instruments. Specifically discusses the International Council for Harmonisation Q10 guidelines.

BIOT 6340. Sterile Manufacturing Operations. (3 Hours)

Discusses the importance of sterile operations in producing drug products, as part of good manufacturing practice (GMP). Emphasizes sterile manufacturing operations for all drugs.

BIOT 6500. Professional Development for Co-op. (0 Hours)

Introduces the cooperative education program. Offers students an opportunity to develop job-search and career-management skills; to assess their workplace skills, interests, and values and to discuss how they impact personal career choices; to prepare a professional resumé; and to learn proper interviewing techniques. Explores career paths, choices, professional behaviors, work culture, and career decision making.

BIOT 6600. Agents of Bioterrorism. (3 Hours)

Examines the probable weapons of biowarfare—including biological, chemical, and nuclear weapons— from several perspectives. Offers fundamental information on the biology and mechanism of action of the most important potential agents of terror and an introduction to the role of government. Topics include biological impact, detection and recognition, epidemiology, and treatment. Evaluates potential dangers and effectiveness and investigates strategies for defense against attacks by such weapons. Discusses the bioethical challenges of anti-bioterror research. Also offers students an opportunity to develop skills in scientific literacy and writing.

BIOT 6610. Biosecurity and Bioterrorism. (3 Hours)

Examines the national and international political, legal, and policy dimensions of response to threats of bioterrorism and resurging epidemics. Explores how the interagency community works at local, tribal, state, national, and international levels to meet these growing challenges. Resurging epidemics are now gaining national attention in a way not seen for generations. These threats join the long-standing challenges of potential domestic and foreign state-sponsored biowarfare attacks and the growing awareness of the threat of bioterrorism.

BIOT 6954. Co-op Work Experience - Half-Time. (0 Hours)

Provides eligible students with an opportunity for work experience. May be repeated without limit.

BIOT 6955. Co-op Work Experience Abroad - Half-Time. (0 Hours)

Provides eligible students with an opportunity for work experience. May be repeated without limit.

BIOT 6962. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

BIOT 6964. Co-op Work Experience. (0 Hours)

Provides eligible students with an opportunity for work experience. May be repeated without limit.

BIOT 6965. Co-op Work Experience Abroad. (0 Hours)

Provides eligible students with an opportunity for work experience abroad. May be repeated without limit.

BIOT 6980. Biotechnology Capstone. (2 Hours)

Offers students an opportunity to integrate and apply the skills learned in earlier courses to an independent project supervised by a faculty mentor. The goals of the capstone are to develop skills in communicating the results of independent projects; increase student awareness of research in biotechnology outside of their own work; demonstrate a familiarity with the literature background to their work, including a working knowledge of literature searching; and provide an opportunity to reflect on individual progress toward a career in biotechnology.

BIOT 7001. Managing Innovation in Biotechnology. (3 Hours)

Offers students an opportunity to apply their curricular learnings in an applied project setting. Working with a project sponsor, students refine an applied research topic, perform research, develop recommendations that are shared with a partner sponsor, and create a plan for implementing their recommendations. Course topics include the biotechnology innovation process, the assessment of market opportunities, the development of business models and risk management. Emphasizes development of professional skills, effective teamwork, and managing projects that involve uncertainty.

Prerequisite(s): (BIOT 5219 with a minimum grade of C- or BIOT 5219 with a minimum grade of C- or BIOT 5219 with a minimum grade of C- ); BIOT 6500 with a minimum grade of C-

BIOT 7245. Biotechnology Applications Laboratory. (3 Hours)

Presents a laboratory course in biotechnology with a focus on cutting-edge instrumentation that is currently used in the field. Directs special attention at the practical aspects of laboratory work in this field, for example, techniques in sample preparation, procedures for protein analysis, and new bioinformatic approaches. Focuses on the emerging field of chemiproteomics, which is the study of the interaction of small molecules with the proteome, that is, the full complement of proteins expressed in an individual cell or organism. Exposes the student to hands-on experience with modern instrumentation, such as mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography.

BIOT 7246. Molecular Technologies Practicum. (3 Hours)

Introduces regional core facilities and covers specialized, state-of-the-art biotechnology techniques. Laboratory modules are taught on-site at—and in collaboration with—industry partner organizations. Students practice essential laboratory techniques while also studying research organizations within the biotechnology ecosystem (e.g., industry, research institutes). Combines hands-on training in advanced molecular technologies and applications of in vivo and in vitro models with lecture, demonstration, and data analysis. Offers students an opportunity to examine and practice skills in bioinformatics and techniques in recombinant DNA technology and to build foundational skills in experimental and disease models.

BIOT 7250. Advanced Biotechnology Applications Laboratory. (3 Hours)

Focuses on advanced biological and bioprocess engineering concepts. Uses industrial-scale systems and technology platforms. Offers students an opportunity to learn lab techniques used in manufacturing and production of biotherapeutic products (protein-based drugs such as monoclonal antibodies) and cell and gene therapies. Offers hands-on experience with industrial-scale bioreactors, protein purification systems, and mass spectrometry. Emphasizes understanding critical process parameters (CPPs) and critical quality attributes (CQAs) in drug production.

BIOT 7983. Special Topics in Biotechnology. (1-4 Hours)

Presents selected topics of current importance in biotechnology. May be repeated five times for a maximum of 6 total semester hours.