Cultures, Societies, and Global Studies

AFAM 1101. Introduction to African American and Africana Studies. (4 Hours)

Explores the broad interdisciplinary spectrum of African American and Africana studies. Provides an introductory overview of the field and offers an opportunity to identify areas for more specific focus.

Attribute(s): NUpath Difference/Diversity

AFAM 1104. The African-American Experience through Music. (4 Hours)

Explores the various musical traditions of African Americans, with a specific focus on the United States. Examines the impact of African, European, and Native American traditions on African-American music as well as the role of music as an expression of African-American aesthetics, traditions, and life. Considers historical and contemporary forms of African-American music, with selected video presentations. Not open to students who have taken MUSC 1104.

Attribute(s): NUpath Interpreting Culture

AFAM 1113. Black Popular Culture. (4 Hours)

Surveys U.S. and international Black popular culture from the mid-1950s to the present through music, movies, music videos, and other forms of multimedia, paying close attention to social commentary, political critique, economic inference, cultural formation, explications of religious and spiritual beliefs, and the like. Discusses and ponders issues of representation, identity, values, and aesthetics. Offers students an opportunity to rethink and reexamine the intent, impact, and circulation of Black popular culture as a method and means of expression and communication.

Attribute(s): NUpath Creative Express/Innov, NUpath Interpreting Culture

AFAM 1135. John Coltrane and the History of Jazz in the United States. (4 Hours)

Studies the development and history of jazz in the United States through the life of John Coltrane, who was frequently considered one of the greatest musicians of all time. Considers his impact on the genre and mode of jazz music, including his advanced and innovative conceptions (melodic, rhythmic, and harmonic) and other stylistic contributions to African-American creative improvisation that also changed music across the globe. Emphasizes his impact on jazz and other improvisational music and expressive art forms. Also covers his spiritual legacy, which focused on using music for the improvement of humanity.

AFAM 1225. Gender, Race, and Medicine. (4 Hours)

Examines the basic tenets of “scientific objectivity” and foundational scientific ideas about race, sex, and gender and what these have meant for marginalized groups in society, particularly when they seek medical care. Introduces feminist science theories ranging from linguistic metaphors of the immune system, to the medicalization of race, to critiques of the sexual binary. Emphasizes contemporary as well as historical moments to trace the evolution of “scientific truth” and its impact on the U.S. cultural landscape. Offers students an opportunity to develop the skills to critically question what they “know” about science and the scientific process and revisit their disciplinary training as a site for critical analysis. AFAM 1225, HIST 1225, and WMNS 1225 are cross-listed.

Attribute(s): NUpath Difference/Diversity

AFAM 1990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

AFAM 2296. Early African-American Literature. (4 Hours)

Surveys the development and range of black American writers, emphasizing poetry and prose from early colonial times to the Civil War. ENGL 2296 and AFM 2296 are cross-listed.

Prerequisite(s): ENGL 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGL 1102 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1102 with a minimum grade of C

Attribute(s): NUpath Difference/Diversity, NUpath Interpreting Culture

AFAM 2339. Analysis of American Racism. (4 Hours)

Discusses the cycle by which racism in our institutions helps form our attitudes and the manner in which our attitudes, in turn, shape our institutions. Emphasizes the practical, day-to-day aspects of racism, rather than the theoretical and historical.

AFAM 2355. Race, Identity, Social Change, and Empowerment. (4 Hours)

Examines racism, racial identity, and theories of social change and racial empowerment primarily within the U.S. context. Highlights different ways in which racism and racial privilege have been experienced by different racial communities, more specifically at the micro-, meso-, and macro-levels. Offers students an opportunity to learn ways to promote racial empowerment and equity. Using theory from primarily psychology and sociology, the course investigates the impact of social systems and institutions on individual-level and group experiences of racism. Investigates students’ own racial identities, a deeper understanding of institutional inequalities and intersectionality, and practical skills in leadership and community building that can promote positive social change and racial equality.

Attribute(s): NUpath Difference/Diversity

AFAM 2360. Politics of Poverty. (4 Hours)

Explores how and why there is poverty, how it affects people’s lives, and how it can be eliminated. Examines the relations between poverty, racial and ethnic factors, and the economic, political, and administrative systems. Evaluates a number of alternatives and provides an opportunity for clarifying individual assumptions and feelings about poverty.

AFAM 2362. Modern and Contemporary African-American Literature. (4 Hours)

Surveys the development and range of black American writers in poetry and prose from the post–Civil War period to the present.

Prerequisite(s): ENGW 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1102 with a minimum grade of C or ENGL 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGL 1102 with a minimum grade of C

AFAM 2399. Black Community and Social Change. (4 Hours)

Explores the dynamic changes experienced by black communities in the United States since the civil rights era in the 1950s and 1960s. Includes discussions and applications of key concepts and methods in several fields of the social sciences, and seeks to understand the relationship of race, class, gender, and social change in addressing the current search for policies and programs for community development.

AFAM 2455. American Women Writers. (4 Hours)

Surveys the diversity of American women’s writing to ask what it means to describe writers as disparate as Phillis Wheatley, Edith Wharton, Toni Morrison, and Alison Bechdel as part of the same 'tradition.' With attention to all genres of American women’s writing, introduces issues of race, genre and gender; literary identification; canons; the politics of recuperation; silence and masquerade; gender and sexuality; intersectionality; sexual and literary politics, compulsory heterosexuality, and more.

Prerequisite(s): ENGW 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1102 with a minimum grade of C or ENGL 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGL 1102 with a minimum grade of C

Attribute(s): NUpath Difference/Diversity, NUpath Interpreting Culture

AFAM 2549. Public Policy and Black America. (4 Hours)

Examines the impact of public policy on African Americans and the role of African Americans in the formulation of public policy. These roles include protest, interest-group politics, electoral politics, and blacks as policy researchers and advisers. The process of public policy formulation as it affects blacks is explored through a series of case studies ranging from the formulation and enforcement of fugitive slave laws in the pre–Civil War era to strategic military and foreign policy, affirmative action, welfare reform, and reparations in our own time.

AFAM 2600. Issues in Race, Science, and Technology. (4 Hours)

Examines the social impact of diverse forms of technological development and application that will have sweeping effects on the everyday lives of individuals, groups, governments, and societies in the twenty-first century. The global, transforming effects of technology as it affects communities of color in the United States and internationally are explored in three main areas: the computer, DNA, and quantum revolutions. Topics include the digital divide, minority media ownership, human cloning, the “dot.com” phenomenon, race and cultural representations in cyberspace, and biopiracy. Lectures, class discussions, fieldwork, and interaction with leaders in these various fields are integral elements of the course.

AFAM 2618. Community Psychology. (4 Hours)

Seeks to familiarize students with some of the topics, theories, and research methods employed by psychologists and other social scientists working in the area of community psychology. Community psychologists study people in their social contexts, emphasizing the mutual influences that individuals and communities have upon each other. Rather than attempt to understand and treat problems at the individual level, research in community psychology aims to offer practical solutions to social problems. Focuses on race, gender, and class. Offers students an opportunity to focus on a particular community, which they may utilize for data collection, and to develop survey instruments/interview schedules; collect data; and analyze and interpret the findings with a qualitative design, if necessary.

Attribute(s): NUpath Difference/Diversity, NUpath Societies/Institutions

AFAM 2619. Race and Religion in Film. (4 Hours)

Explores how relationships between historical and contemporary representations of African Americans, other persons of the African Diaspora, and the continent of Africa have been presented in film in relation to religious themes. An interdisciplinary study in how race and religion are represented in ways that reflect and actively contribute to “real world” faith beliefs, experiences, and actions. Critically examines how representations of “the Other” compared to “the chosen” relate to the intersectionality of race, religion, class, national origin, gender, sex, and sexuality. Provides a framework for ethical analysis of how societal institutionalized systems of power influence beliefs about racialized identities and religion.

Attribute(s): NUpath Difference/Diversity, NUpath Interpreting Culture

AFAM 2690. Boston in Literature. (4 Hours)

Explores the various ways in which the city of Boston and its environs are represented in literature and other media. Each semester, the course focuses on a different aspect of Boston in literature, such as representations of Boston’s different communities, different historical eras, particular genres or concepts associated with the city, and so forth. Offers students an opportunity to build upon their readings about the city by experiencing independent site visits, class field trips, guest speakers, and other activities. In addition to a culminating group or individual research project about Boston, students may also have the opportunity to participate in a community-based reading project. AFAM 2690 and ENGL 2690 are cross-listed.

Prerequisite(s): ENGW 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1102 with a minimum grade of C or ENGL 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGL 1102 with a minimum grade of C

Attribute(s): NUpath Integration Experience, NUpath Interpreting Culture

AFAM 2990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

AFAM 2991. Research Practicum. (2-4 Hours)

Involves students in collaborative research under the supervision of a faculty member. Offers students an opportunity to learn basic research methods in the discipline. Requires permission of instructor. May be repeated once for up to 4 total credits.

AFAM 3120. Race, Crime, and Justice. (4 Hours)

Provides students with an overview of the role and treatment of racial/ethnic minorities in the criminal justice system. Covers historical and theoretical frameworks for understanding the relationship between race, crime, and criminal justice. In so doing, students become familiar with trends and patterns in criminal offending by racial/ethnic minorities, as well as system response to such behavior.

Attribute(s): NUpath Difference/Diversity

AFAM 3270. Race and Ethnic Relations. (4 Hours)

Focuses on the social construction of race and ethnicity and the nature of dominant/minority relations in the United States. Emphasizes the peculiar evolution of race relations in U.S. history, the political and economic conditions that have transformed race relations, and the nature of contemporary racial and ethnic relations in the United States. Topics include immigration, ethnic and racial identity, discrimination, and race-based policies (e.g., residential restrictive codes, Jim Crow segregation). Offers students an opportunity to develop a critical lens from which to observe and interpret contemporary debates over structural racism.

Attribute(s): NUpath Difference/Diversity, NUpath Societies/Institutions

AFAM 3404. African American Rhetorical Traditions. (4 Hours)

Examines and organizes the ways that African Americans have historically maintained their humanity and negotiated freedom through discourse. Explores various discursive practices of African American discourse communities—such as the enslaved, abolitionists, feminists, nationalist/revolutionaries, and entertainers—to engage discussions about freedom, access to democracy, racial uplift, gender equity, and the discursive and recursive nature of racial identity. Studies historical contexts and current sociopolitical dynamics emphasizing the Black Jeremiad, civil rights rhetoric, the Black Power Movement, Black Feminist Thought, and Hip-Hop.

Prerequisite(s): ENGW 1111 (may be taken concurrently) with a minimum grade of C

Attribute(s): NUpath Difference/Diversity, NUpath Interpreting Culture

AFAM 3663. The African American Novel. (4 Hours)

Focuses on the modern and contemporary African American novel and its place in the history of American as well as global fiction. Writers may include James Baldwin, Charles Chesnutt, Ralph Ellison, Roxanne Gay, Zora Neal Hurston, Toni Morrison, Walter Mosley, Jean Toomer, Nella Larsen, Colson Whitehead, Octavia Butler, Tayari Jones, and Richard Wright, among others.

AFAM 3664. Black Poetry and the Spoken Word. (4 Hours)

Focuses on the black poet’s place in the history of American poetry. Considers black poetry as both written words and spoken words.

Prerequisite(s): ENGL 1102 with a minimum grade of C or ENGL 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1102 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1111 with a minimum grade of C

AFAM 3990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

AFAM 4700. Capstone. (4 Hours)

Offers students the opportunity to prepare a professional research project under the close supervision of a scholar interested in students’ particular research areas.

Attribute(s): NUpath Capstone Experience, NUpath Writing Intensive

AFAM 4990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

AFAM 4991. Research. (4 Hours)

Offers an opportunity to conduct research under faculty supervision.

Attribute(s): NUpath Integration Experience

AFAM 5001. Special Topics in Race and the Law. (4 Hours)

Explores the various questions, relationships, and connections between the law and racial issues and concepts. Each offering focuses on a special topic such as reparations, civil rights, gender, or the environment and energy policies. May be repeated up to three times for a maximum of 16 credits.

AFAM 5544. Seminar in Black Leadership. (4 Hours)

Offers students an opportunity to conduct in-depth studies of significant black leaders—male and female—in a wide range of fields. Focuses on black leadership in the political arena as elected officials; leaders of pressure groups; leaders of protest organizations, black nationalist organizations, and feminist/womanist groups; and as advisers to political parties and presidential administrations.

AFRS 1101. Introduction to African Studies. (4 Hours)

Uses a multidisciplinary approach to offer an introduction and overview of the geographical, demographic, socioeconomic, and political conditions of the African continent, emphasizing sub-Saharan Africa. Africa, “the cradle of humankind,” is a vast, complex continent of diverse peoples that has fascinated observers and evoked multiple images. Topical areas of interest range from ethnic relations, politics, colonial experience, and international relations to religion, environment, health, economic development, gender, culture, and literature. Course materials aim to provide contemporary African perspectives and analyses that offer students an opportunity to acquire and interpret broad knowledge about the continent.

Attribute(s): NUpath Difference/Diversity, NUpath Societies/Institutions

AFRS 1180. African History. (4 Hours)

Explores the history of the African continent from 1000 C.E. to the present era. Topics include medieval kingdoms (Ghana, Mali, Songhai, Zimbabwe, the city-states of East Africa, and the Kongo kingdom); slave trades (Indian Ocean, trans-Saharan, and transatlantic); the partition of Africa and European colonization; and the decolonization process. Due consideration is given to the interactions of African peoples with the rest of the world, particularly the relations between Africa and Europe after 1500 C.E.

AFRS 1185. Gender and Sexuality in the African Diaspora. (4 Hours)

Explores the various roles played by gender and sexuality throughout the African Diaspora, as well as the ways in which they are articulated, performed, represented, and researched. Topics may include the relationship of gender and sexuality to technology, accessibility, place, class, and labor.

Attribute(s): NUpath Difference/Diversity, NUpath Societies/Institutions

AFRS 1270. Introduction to Global Health. (4 Hours)

Introduces global health in the context of an interdependent and globalized world focusing on four main areas of analysis: infrastructure of global health; diseases; populations; and terms, concepts, and theories. While the focus is on lower-income countries, the course examines issues in a broader global context, underscoring the interconnections between global health disparities and global health policy response. Applies case studies describing interventions to improve healthcare in resource-poor settings in sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere to help illuminate the actors, diseases, populations, and principles and frameworks for the design of effective global health interventions. AFRS 1270 and PHTH 1270 are cross-listed.

Attribute(s): NUpath Societies/Institutions

AFRS 1990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

AFRS 2307. Africa Today. (4 Hours)

Offers a basic survey of the latest innovations and cultural and socioeconomic trends of 21st-century Africa. Examines the political transformations of some of the 49 Sub-Saharan African nations. Focuses on a culturally and ethnically diverse continent of five regions with linguistic and religious diversity and tribal societies reflecting an ancient triple heritage—Indigenous, Arab, and European. Presents complex and critical perspectives on topics including governance and civil strife, gender empowerment, the impact of globalization, trade and investment developments, public health challenges, the visual and performing arts, identity formation among a rising youth demographic to pervasive mobile technology, food security, and the new "African" passport.

Attribute(s): NUpath Difference/Diversity, NUpath Societies/Institutions

AFRS 2410. Possession, Sacrifice, and Divination in African Diasporic Religions. (4 Hours)

Examines religious thought and rituals and the Diaspora in a comparative context. Topics include traditional religions, Islam, Christianity, and Judaism in Africa, and the Diaspora. Emphasizes the transformation of religions practiced in Africa when African captives were forced into the three slave trades affecting the continent of Africa: trans-Saharan, Indian Ocean, and transatlantic.

Attribute(s): NUpath Difference/Diversity, NUpath Societies/Institutions

AFRS 2464. Natural Resources and Sustainable Development. (4 Hours)

Examines the social dimensions of resource extraction. Focusing mainly on developing nations, studies global issues, including developments in industrial nations, to assess their impact on resource extraction and living and working conditions in resource-rich regions. Uses case studies of key countries producing oil/gas, minerals, and forest/agricultural commodities to illustrate the past/current causes of resource mismanagement; their social consequences; and how public policies, legislation, and financial and human resource management with industrialization can be used to avert or reduce the adverse effects of resource extraction, especially in poor countries. Major theories examined include the resource curse and alternative approaches to problems faced by resource-bearing developing nations. AFRS 2464 and INTL 2464 are cross-listed.

Attribute(s): NUpath Societies/Institutions

AFRS 2465. The Scope and Dynamics of Conflicts in Africa. (4 Hours)

Surveys the faces, character, and manifestations of violent and nonviolent conflicts across the landscape of continental Africa. Addresses the causes/sources of conflict, types of conflicts and their impact on society, and the conflict resolution mechanisms. The contemporary history of the continent of Africa is defined most markedly by conflict that has impacted heavily on the continent’s diverse multicultural societies, polities, and economies. The structure of conflicts in the continent is complex and, indeed, exhibits diverse faces; conflicts differ in their roots, causes, and explanations and between the different regions and population groups in the south, east, central, west, and north. The course critically analyzes this broad range of aspects with specific focus on sub-Saharan Africa using country- and case-based analyses and critical thinking. AFRS 2465 and INTL 2465 are cross-listed.

Attribute(s): NUpath Difference/Diversity, NUpath Societies/Institutions

AFRS 2900. Swahili, Culture, and Politics in Kenya. (4 Hours)

Introduces and immerses students in Kenyan African culture, the Swahili language and politics, and studies their impact on the everyday life of the local population. Offers students an opportunity to learn Swahili, which is the national language of Kenya; its use in a context of varied indigenous languages; and cultural dynamics. Exposes students to the major issues that characterize everyday life in rural and urban settings through visits to and stays in the rural areas and transect walks in villages and urban communities. Students visit projects run by community-based organizations, observing the everyday life of ordinary Kenyans and attending formal and informal classes and settings on Swahili language, culture, and the local politics.

Attribute(s): NUpath Integration Experience

AFRS 2990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

AFRS 3424. Epidemiology of Pandemic Diseases and Health Disparities in the African Diaspora. (4 Hours)

Examines the epidemiology and determinants of diseases and the public health practice among continental African peoples and African-derived populations in the Americas and elsewhere in the African Diaspora. Emphasizes such epidemic diseases as malaria, yellow fever, tuberculosis, smallpox, the current AIDS pandemic, obesity, and cancer. The course also aims to critically address the breadth of factors behind these pandemics, such as socioeconomic, political, health system, behavioral, and genetic. A cross-cutting theme throughout the course is the entrenched health disparities in society.

Attribute(s): NUpath Difference/Diversity, NUpath Societies/Institutions

AFRS 3460. Contemporary Government and Politics in Africa. (4 Hours)

Explores contemporary politics in African nations south of the Sahara. Studies South Africa, Nigeria, Kenya, and Ethiopia, among others. Examines apartheid, colonialism, Afro-Marxism, chieftaincy, development, and Pan-Africanism.

Attribute(s): NUpath Societies/Institutions

AFRS 3900. Gender and Black World Literatures. (4 Hours)

Explores different aspects of the literary and cultural productions of black women throughout history. Examines writing by women in the United States—like Octavia Butler, Zora Neale Hurston, and Toni Morrison—in addition to writing by women across the global African diaspora—like Chimamanda Adichie and Jamaica Kincaid. Students may also engage with theories such as Black feminism, womanism, or intersectionality; consider issues of genre such as the novel, poetry, or science fiction; and explore key themes such as class, sexuality, and disability. AFRS 3900, WMNS 3900, and ENGL 3900 are cross-listed.

Attribute(s): NUpath Difference/Diversity, NUpath Interpreting Culture

AFRS 3990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

AFRS 4510. Anthropology of Africa. (4 Hours)

Explores Africa’s changing place in the world. Studies the history of Africa and explores the role of ethnography in the making of colonial Africa and the cultural transformations and continuities produced by the emergence of African cities during and after colonialism. Studies postcolonial Africa to critically and comparatively engage with contemporary issues facing African societies. Considers the efflorescence of new cultural forms of music, art, film, and literature, in conjunction with new sources of identity such as nationality, religion, ethnicity, consumption, and migration. ANTH 4510, INTL 4510, and AFRS 4510 are cross-listed.

Prerequisite(s): (ANTH 1101 with a minimum grade of D- or CRIM 1100 with a minimum grade of D- or HUSV 1101 with a minimum grade of D- or INTL 1101 with a minimum grade of D- or POLS 1140 with a minimum grade of D- or POLS 1160 with a minimum grade of D- or SOCL 1101 with a minimum grade of D- or WMNS 1103 with a minimum grade of D- ); (ENGL 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGL 1102 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1102 with a minimum grade of C )

Attribute(s): NUpath Interpreting Culture, NUpath Writing Intensive

AFRS 4700. Capstone. (4 Hours)

Offers students an opportunity to prepare a professional research project or paper under the close supervision of a scholar interested in students’ particular research areas.

Attribute(s): NUpath Capstone Experience, NUpath Writing Intensive

AFRS 4939. Community Health, Culture, and Development in Kenya. (4 Hours)

Introduces the community health and development arena in Kenya. Community development has been presented as the panacea to many of Africa’s problems, including leadership, democracy, conflict, disease, and poverty. Through teaching, research, and action, the course seeks to expose and sensitize students to the global and local debate on poverty, primary healthcare, and community development. Offers students an opportunity to gain hands-on experiences in some of the major determinants and solutions to poverty and disease by interacting with community stakeholders and organizations in a variety of cultural, rural, and urban settings and through visits to, and participating in, projects run by community-based organizations.

Attribute(s): NUpath Integration Experience

AFRS 4990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

AFRS 4992. Directed Study. (1-4 Hours)

Offers independent work under the direction of members of the department on a chosen topic. Course content depends on instructor. May be repeated without limit.

AMSL 1101. Elementary ASL 1. (4 Hours)

Introduces students to American Sign Language (ASL). Students develop expressive and receptive competence in using ASL to fulfill various social functions (such as introductions, explanations of personal history, and descriptions of simple narratives). Additional topics include the use of signing space and further use of nonmanual components including facial expression and body postures.

AMSL 1102. Elementary ASL 2. (4 Hours)

Continues AMSL 1101. Continues development of expressive and receptive competence in using American Sign Language to fulfill various social functions (such as introductions, explanations of personal history, and descriptions of simple narratives). Emphasizes further development of receptive and expressive skills, finger spelling, vocabulary building, grammatical structures; encourages more extensive use of nonmanual behaviors, classifiers, body postures, and signing space. Students are also introduced to regional and ethnic sign variations and political and educational institutions of the Deaf community.

Prerequisite(s): AMSL 1101 with a minimum grade of D-

AMSL 1512. ASL Numbers and Fingerspelling. (4 Hours)

Offers students an opportunity to improve receptive and expressive skills in the specific areas of fingerspelling and numbers. Includes a brief history of fingerspelling. Focuses on strategies for understanding fingerspelling/word phrases and number recognition; recognizing number patterns (e.g., ordinal and cardinal numbers, height, age, time); and additional strategies for understanding and using numbers and fingerspelling in context. Uses drills to improve speed, clarity, and fluency skills.

Prerequisite(s): AMSL 1102 with a minimum grade of D-

AMSL 1990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

AMSL 2101. Intermediate ASL 1. (4 Hours)

Continues the student’s development of expressive and receptive competence in using American Sign Language to fulfill various communicative functions, such as making and responding to inquiries, constructing and comprehending narratives, and engaging in debates. Students also continue to expand their ASL lexicon.

Prerequisite(s): AMSL 1102 with a minimum grade of C ; DEAF 1500 (may be taken concurrently) with a minimum grade of C

AMSL 2102. Intermediate ASL 2. (4 Hours)

Continues AMSL 2101. Emphasizes further development of receptive and expressive skills, finger spelling, vocabulary building, grammatical structures; encourages more extensive use of nonmanual behaviors, classifiers, body postures, and signing space. Continues exposure to regional and ethnic sign variations and political and educational institutions of Deaf people. Offers intensive practice involving expressive and receptive skills in storytelling and dialogue. Introduces language forms used in American Sign Language poetry and the features of culture as they are displayed in art.

Prerequisite(s): AMSL 2101 with a minimum grade of D-

AMSL 2900. Specialized Instruction in ASL. (1-4 Hours)

Designed for individuals whose language skills are at the intermediate level and who seek specially focused language instruction. Such instruction might be the use of the language in specific settings (e.g., media, medical, legal, mental health), or it might be focused on specific conversational nuances of the language. May be repeated without limit.

AMSL 2990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

AMSL 3101. Advanced ASL 1. (4 Hours)

Focuses on continued development of syntactic competence in American Sign Language with particular attention to the use of ASL in formal discourse. Also focuses on lexical semantics and semantic equivalents for multiple meaning English lexical items.

Prerequisite(s): AMSL 2102 with a minimum grade of D-

AMSL 3102. Advanced ASL 2. (4 Hours)

Continues AMSL 3101. Focuses on further development and refinement of American Sign Language competence in various discourse settings, predominantly formal and consultative. Continues development of lexical semantics and uses individual diagnostic assessment of ASL competence to determine individual competency goals.

Prerequisite(s): AMSL 3101 with a minimum grade of D-

AMSL 3990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

AMSL 4990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

AMSL 4992. Directed Study. (1-4 Hours)

Offers students a way of going beyond work given in the regular curriculum; may also enable students to complete major requirements in certain situations. Priority is given to American Sign Language majors and to juniors and seniors. May be repeated without limit.

ARAB 1101. Elementary Arabic 1. (4 Hours)

Designed for students with very little or no prior knowledge of Modern Standard Arabic. Provides a lively introduction to basic oral expression, listening comprehension, and elementary reading and writing. Uses practical vocabulary drawn from realistic situations, and aims at good pronunciation and ease in response. Laboratory practice complements class work, enables students to work aloud at their own speed, reinforces their acquisition of essential structures, and acquaints them with various audio-visual resources.

ARAB 1102. Elementary Arabic 2. (4 Hours)

Continues ARAB 1101. Reviews and continues the study of grammar and basic language skills. Offers progressively more intensive practice in oral and written communication. Laboratory practice complements class work, enables students to work aloud at their own speed, reinforces their acquisition of essential structures, and acquaints them with various audio-visual resources.

Prerequisite(s): ARAB 1101 with a minimum grade of C- or ARAB 1301 with a minimum grade of C-

ARAB 1300. Elementary Arabic Immersion. (4 Hours)

Designed for students who are in an Arabic-speaking country, this is an off-campus immersion course. Focuses on standard Arabic. Offers students an opportunity to develop grammatical and conversational competence. Focuses on oral and aural skills that are enhanced by the immersion environment.

ARAB 1301. Elementary Arabic Immersion 1. (4 Hours)

Designed for students who are in an Arabic-speaking country, this is an off-campus immersion course. Focuses on standard Arabic. Offers students an opportunity to develop grammatical and conversational competence. Focuses on oral and aural skills that are enhanced by the immersion environment.

ARAB 1990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

ARAB 2101. Intermediate Arabic 1. (4 Hours)

Emphasizes further vocabulary building. Offers students an opportunity to master the fine points of grammar through written composition, prepared oral reports, and reading and discussion from current standard Arabic materials.

Prerequisite(s): ARAB 1102 with a minimum grade of C- or ARAB 1302 with a minimum grade of C-

ARAB 2102. Intermediate Arabic 2. (4 Hours)

Builds on ARAB 2101 and focuses on further development of vocabulary. Offers students an opportunity to continue to master grammar and conversation through written composition, prepared oral reports, and reading and discussion from current standard Arabic materials.

Prerequisite(s): (ARAB 2101 with a minimum grade of C- or ARAB 2301 with a minimum grade of C- ); (ENGL 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGL 1102 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1102 with a minimum grade of C )

Attribute(s): NUpath Writing Intensive

ARAB 2900. Specialized Instruction in Arabic. (1-4 Hours)

Designed for individuals whose language skills are at the intermediate level and who seek specially focused language instruction. Such instruction might be the use of the language in specific settings, or it might be focused on specific conversational nuances of the language. Students must have at least an elementary level of competence in the language. May be repeated without limit.

ARAB 2990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

ARAB 3101. Advanced Arabic 1. (4 Hours)

Continues development of vocabulary. Offers students an opportunity to further develop grammar and conversation through advanced reading, composition, grammar review, and listening skills. Whenever possible, offers students an opportunity to engage in local community activities to enhance communication skills and cultural knowledge.

Prerequisite(s): ARAB 2102 with a minimum grade of C- or ARAB 2302 with a minimum grade of C-

ARAB 3900. Specialized Instruction in Arabic. (1-4 Hours)

Designed for individuals whose language skills are at an advanced level and who seek specially focused language instruction. Such instruction might be the use of the language in specific settings, or it might be focused on specific conversational nuances of the language. Requires at least an advanced level of competence in the language. May be repeated without limit.

ARAB 3990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

ARAB 4990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

ARAB 4992. Directed Study. (1-4 Hours)

Offers students a way of going beyond work given in the regular curriculum; may also enable students to complete major or minor requirements in certain situations. Priority is given to language majors and to juniors and seniors. May be repeated without limit.

ARAB 5976. Directed Study. (1 Hour)

Offers independent work under the direction of members of the department on a chosen topic. Course content depends on instructor. May be repeated without limit.

CHNS 1101. Elementary Chinese 1. (4 Hours)

Designed for students who have very little or no prior knowledge of Chinese. Provides a lively introduction to basic oral expression, listening comprehension, and elementary reading and writing. Each lesson incorporates helpful information about daily life in China and the varied cultures within the world of Chinese speakers. Laboratory practice complements class work, enables students to work aloud at their own speed, reinforces their acquisition of essential structures, and acquaints them with a vast library of audio-visual resources. Focuses on Mandarin Chinese; students who wish to speak another dialect of Chinese should consult instructor for proper placement.

CHNS 1102. Elementary Chinese 2. (4 Hours)

Continues CHNS 1101. Reviews and continues the study of grammar and basic language skills. Offers progressively more intensive practice in oral and written communication. Laboratory practice complements class work, enables students to work aloud at their own speed, reinforces their acquisition of essential structures, and acquaints them with a vast library of audio-visual resources.

Prerequisite(s): CHNS 1101 with a minimum grade of C- or CHNS 1301 with a minimum grade of C-

CHNS 1502. Elementary Chinese 2 for Heritage Speakers. (4 Hours)

Designed for those students who have finished CHNS 1501 or equivalent and who have learned basic Chinese reading and writing techniques. Seeks to help them to move on a fast track beyond the beginner level to the intermediate university level. Strongly focuses on Chinese reading and writing skills, with more sophisticated sentences and paragraphs. Offers students an opportunity to develop writing skills to a functional literacy level, allowing them to carry out a number of practical writing tasks. Also aims to prepare students for CHNS 2102. Students who do not meet course prerequisites may seek permission of instructor.

Prerequisite(s): CHNS 1501 with a minimum grade of C-

CHNS 1990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

CHNS 2101. Intermediate Chinese 1. (4 Hours)

Seeks to consolidate the foundation built in elementary Chinese courses. Offers students an opportunity to develop higher oral proficiency, as well as reading and writing skills. Requires students to perform various tasks, such as describing, comparing, and narrating, in culturally appropriate ways.

Prerequisite(s): CHNS 1102 with a minimum grade of C- or CHNS 1302 with a minimum grade of C-

CHNS 2102. Intermediate Chinese 2. (4 Hours)

Emphasizes vocabulary building and mastery of fine points of grammar through written compositions, prepared oral reports, and reading and discussions of material from everyday life to situate language learning in authentic contexts.

Prerequisite(s): CHNS 2101 with a minimum grade of C- or CHNS 2301 with a minimum grade of C- or CHNS 1502 with a minimum grade of C-

CHNS 2301. Intermediate Chinese Immersion 1. (4 Hours)

Designed for students who are in a Chinese-speaking country, this is an off-campus immersion course. Offers students an opportunity to continue to develop grammatical and conversational competence. Focuses on oral and aural skills that are enhanced by the immersion environment.

CHNS 2302. Intermediate Chinese Immersion 2. (4 Hours)

Designed for students who are in a Chinese-speaking country, this is an off-campus immersion course. Offers students an opportunity to continue to develop grammatical and conversational competence. Focuses on oral and aural skills that are enhanced by the immersion environment.

CHNS 2990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

CHNS 3101. Advanced Chinese 1. (4 Hours)

Stresses the fundamentals of Chinese to promote effective self-expression through speaking and writing and to explore the idiomatic aspects of the language. Through progressive class discussions and oral and written commentaries, students analyze a contemporary Chinese novel or a Chinese cultural reader, screenplay, or collection of short stories. The course strives, first, to help students read and comprehend modern Chinese writing with confidence and to be able to talk and write about it in good Chinese; and second, to provide preparation for advanced courses.

Prerequisite(s): CHNS 2102 with a minimum grade of D- or CHNS 2302 with a minimum grade of D-

CHNS 3102. Advanced Chinese 2. (4 Hours)

Continues CHNS 3101. Designed to enhance and reinforce the practical language and communication skills that students employ when they are abroad. Offers students an opportunity to participate in service-learning experiences.

Prerequisite(s): CHNS 3101 with a minimum grade of C- or CHNS 3301 with a minimum grade of C-

CHNS 3301. Advanced Chinese Immersion 1. (4 Hours)

Designed for students who are in a Chinese-speaking country, this is an off-campus immersion course. Offers students an opportunity to continue to develop grammatical and conversational competence.

CHNS 3302. Advanced Chinese Immersion 2. (4 Hours)

Designed for students who are in a Chinese-speaking country, this is an off-campus immersion course. Offers students an opportunity to continue to develop grammatical and conversational competence.

CHNS 3800. Special Topics in Chinese. (1-4 Hours)

Focuses on a unique aspect of the Chinese language. The specific topics are chosen to reflect current developments in the language and expressed student interests. Focuses on the use of the language for specific purposes or its use in specialized settings (e.g., media, business, health). Requires at least an intermediate level of skill in the language. May be repeated up to three times.

CHNS 3990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

CHNS 4800. Special Topics in Chinese. (1-4 Hours)

Focuses on a unique aspect of the Chinese language. The specific topics are chosen to reflect current developments in the language and expressed student interests. Topics focus on the use of the language for specific purposes or its use in specialized settings (e.g., media, business, health). Requires at least an advanced level of skill in the language. May be repeated up to four times.

CHNS 4990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

CHNS 4992. Directed Study. (1-4 Hours)

Offers students a way of going beyond work given in the regular curriculum; may also enable students to complete major or minor requirements in certain situations. Priority is given to language majors and to juniors and seniors. May be repeated without limit.

CHNS 5976. Directed Study. (1 Hour)

Offers independent work under the direction of members of the department on a chosen topic. Course content depends on instructor. May be repeated without limit.

DEAF 1500. Deaf People in Society. (4 Hours)

Focuses on Deaf communities as linguistic and cultural minorities. Topics include perspectives on Deaf communities; attitudes toward Deaf people and sign languages, technology, and communication; the contributions of Deaf people to society; professional and social organizations of and for Deaf people; Deaf clubs as a locus of Deaf culture; communication issues; perspectives on legislation affecting the Deaf Community; legislative and political concerns of the Deaf Community; and the impact of educational options for Deaf children. Also covers the diverse intersectional identities comprising the American Deaf Community due to language use (multilingual), race, gender, class, and multicultural experiences. Discusses the impact of audism, racism, and many other -isms.

Attribute(s): NUpath Difference/Diversity, NUpath Interpreting Culture

DEAF 1990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

DEAF 2500. Deaf History and Culture. (4 Hours)

Surveys the history and culture of the American Deaf community and Deaf people in the Western world. Focuses on educational, political, and technological forces and events that have positively and negatively affected the American Deaf community. Focuses on the American Deaf community as a linguistic and cultural minority. Also examines contemporary values and factors that shape and define the diverse American Deaf community and compares and contrasts American Deaf cultural values with those of American society in general.

Attribute(s): NUpath Difference/Diversity, NUpath Interpreting Culture

DEAF 2700. ASL Linguistics. (4 Hours)

Introduces the basic issues in linguistics by examining the structural properties of American Sign Language. Includes phonology (formational properties of signs); morphology (word formation, rules, derivation, inflection, complex verbs, classifiers, and verb modulations); semantics (the meaning structure of signs); and syntax (the structure of ASL utterances in terms of old vs. new information and the structure of ASL narratives). Examines sociolinguistic variation of ASL usage (such as region, age, and Black ASL), as well as language attitudes and change over time.

Prerequisite(s): (LING 1150 with a minimum grade of D- or ENGL 1150 with a minimum grade of D- ); (ENGL 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGL 1102 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1102 with a minimum grade of C ); AMSL 1102 with a minimum grade of C

Attribute(s): NUpath Writing Intensive

DEAF 2990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

DEAF 3990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

DEAF 4990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

FLNG 1990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

FLNG 2990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

FLNG 3990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

FRNH 1101. Elementary French 1. (4 Hours)

Designed for students with very little or no prior knowledge of French. Provides a lively introduction to basic oral expression, listening comprehension, and elementary reading and writing. Each lesson incorporates helpful information about daily life in France and the varied cultures within the world of French speakers. Laboratory practice complements class work, enables students to work aloud at their own speed, reinforces their acquisition of essential structures, and acquaints them with a vast library of audio-visual resources.

FRNH 1102. Elementary French 2. (4 Hours)

Continues FRNH 1101. Reviews and continues the study of grammar and basic language skills. Offers progressively more intensive practice in oral and written communication. Laboratory practice complements class work, enables students to work aloud at their own speed, reinforces their acquisition of essential structures, and acquaints them with a vast library of audio-visual resources.

Prerequisite(s): FRNH 1101 with a minimum grade of C- or FRNH 1301 with a minimum grade of C-

FRNH 1990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

FRNH 2101. Intermediate French 1. (4 Hours)

Emphasizes further vocabulary building and mastery of fine points of grammar through written composition, prepared oral reports, and reading and discussion from current French periodicals.

Prerequisite(s): FRNH 1102 with a minimum grade of C- or FRNH 1302 with a minimum grade of C-

FRNH 2102. Intermediate French 2. (4 Hours)

Continues FRNH 2101. Stresses the fundamentals of French to promote effective self-expression through speaking and writing and to explore the idiomatic aspects of the language. Through progressive class discussions and oral and written commentaries, students analyze a contemporary French novel or a French cultural reader, screenplay, or collection of short stories. Strives to help students read and comprehend modern French writing with confidence, and to be able to talk and write about it in good French. Provides preparation for advanced courses.

Prerequisite(s): FRNH 2101 with a minimum grade of C- or FRNH 2301 with a minimum grade of C-

FRNH 2900. Specialized Instruction in French. (1-4 Hours)

Designed for individuals whose language skills are at the intermediate level and who seek specially focused language instruction. Such instruction might be the use of the language in specific settings, or it might be focused on specific conversational nuances of the language. Students must have at least an elementary level of competence in the language. May be repeated without limit.

FRNH 2990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

FRNH 3101. Advanced French 1. (4 Hours)

Continues further development of vocabulary. Offers students an opportunity to continue to master grammar and conversation through advanced reading, composition, grammar review, and listening skills. Whenever possible, offers students an opportunity to engage in local community activities to enhance communication skills and cultural knowledge.

Prerequisite(s): FRNH 2102 with a minimum grade of C- or FRNH 2302 with a minimum grade of C- or French Placement Test with a score of 411

FRNH 3102. Advanced French 2. (4 Hours)

Builds on FRNH 3101 and continues further development of vocabulary. Offers students an opportunity to continue to master grammar and conversation through advanced reading, composition, grammar review, and listening skills. Whenever possible, offers students an opportunity to engage in local community activities to enhance communication skills and cultural knowledge.

Prerequisite(s): FRNH 3101 with a minimum grade of C- or FRNH 3301 with a minimum grade of C-

FRNH 3900. Specialized Instruction in French. (1-4 Hours)

Designed for individuals whose language skills are at an advanced level and who seek specially focused language instruction. Such instruction might be the use of the language in specific settings, or it might be focused on specific conversational nuances of the language. Requires at least an advanced level of competence in the language. May be repeated without limit.

FRNH 3990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

FRNH 4800. Special Topics in French. (1-4 Hours)

Focuses on a unique aspect of the French language. The specific topics are chosen to reflect current developments in the language and expressed student interests. Focuses on the use of the language for specific purposes or its use in specialized settings (e.g., media, business, health). Requires att least an advanced level of skill in the language. May be repeated up to four times.

FRNH 4990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

FRNH 4992. Directed Study. (1-4 Hours)

Offers students a way of going beyond work given in the regular curriculum; may also enable students to complete major or minor requirements in certain situations. Priority is given to language majors and to juniors and seniors. May be repeated without limit.

FRNH 5976. Directed Study. (1 Hour)

Offers independent work under the direction of members of the department on a chosen topic. Course content depends on instructor. May be repeated without limit.

GRMN 1101. Elementary German 1. (4 Hours)

Designed for students with very little or no prior knowledge of German. Provides a lively introduction to basic oral expression, listening comprehension, and elementary reading and writing. Each lesson incorporates helpful information about daily life in German. Laboratory practice complements class work, enables students to work aloud at their own speed, reinforces their acquisition of essential structures, and acquaints them with a vast library of audio-visual resources.

GRMN 1102. Elementary German 2. (4 Hours)

Continues GRMN 1101. Includes completion of basic grammatical usage, reading of contemporary German material, and increased stress on oral and aural skills.

Prerequisite(s): GRMN 1101 with a minimum grade of C- or GRMN 1301 with a minimum grade of C- or German Placement Test with a score of 126

GRMN 1990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

GRMN 2101. Intermediate German 1. (4 Hours)

Emphasizes further vocabulary building. Offers students an opportunity to master the fine points of grammar through written composition, prepared oral reports, and reading and discussion from contemporary German materials.

Prerequisite(s): GRMN 1102 with a minimum grade of C- or GRMN 1302 with a minimum grade of C- or German Placement Test with a score of 226

GRMN 2102. Intermediate German 2. (4 Hours)

Builds on GRMN 2101 and focuses on further development of vocabulary. Offers students an opportunity to continue to master grammar and conversation through written composition, prepared oral reports, and reading and discussion from contemporary German materials.

Prerequisite(s): (GRMN 2101 with a minimum grade of C- or GRMN 2301 with a minimum grade of C- or German Placement Test with a score of 326); (ENGL 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGL 1102 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1102 with a minimum grade of C )

Attribute(s): NUpath Writing Intensive

GRMN 2990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

GRMN 3800. Special Topics in German. (1-4 Hours)

Focuses on a unique aspect of the German language. The specific topics are chosen to reflect current developments in the language and expressed student interests. Focuses on the use of the language for specific purposes or its use in specialized settings (e.g., media, business, health). Requires at least an intermediate level of skill in the language. May be repeated up to three times.

GRMN 3990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

GRMN 4800. Special Topics in German. (1-4 Hours)

Focuses on a unique aspect of the German language. The specific topics are chosen to reflect current developments in the language and expressed student interests. Focuses on the use of the language for specific purposes or its use in specialized settings (e.g., media, business, health). Requires at least an advanced level of skill in the language. May be repeated up to four times.

GRMN 4990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

GRMN 4992. Directed Study. (1-4 Hours)

Offers students a way of going beyond work given in the regular curriculum; may also enable students to complete major or minor requirements in certain situations. Priority is given to language majors and to juniors and seniors. May be repeated without limit.

GRMN 4993. Independent Study. (1-4 Hours)

Offers independent work under the direction of members of the department on a chosen topic. Course content depends on instructor. May be repeated up to three times.

GRMN 5976. Directed Study. (1 Hour)

Offers independent work under the direction of members of the department on a chosen topic. Course content depends on instructor. May be repeated without limit.

GREK 1990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

GREK 2990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

GREK 3990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

GREK 4990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

HBRW 1101. Elementary Hebrew 1. (4 Hours)

Designed for students with little or no prior knowledge of Hebrew. Presents a lively introduction to basic oral expression, listening comprehension, and elementary reading and writing. Uses practical vocabulary drawn from realistic situations, and aims at good pronunciation and ease in response.

HBRW 1102. Elementary Hebrew 2. (4 Hours)

Continues HBRW 1101. Includes continued focus on oral expression, listening comprehension, and elementary reading and writing. Expands functional and practical vocabulary base drawn from realistic situations and focuses on grammatical accuracy. Continues to focus on good pronunciation and ease of response.

Prerequisite(s): HBRW 1101 with a minimum grade of C- or HBRW 1301 with a minimum grade of C-

HBRW 1990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

HBRW 2101. Intermediate Hebrew 1. (4 Hours)

Emphasizes further vocabulary building. Offers students an opportunity to master the fine points of grammar through written composition, prepared oral reports, and reading and discussion from contemporary Hebrew materials.

Prerequisite(s): HBRW 1102 with a minimum grade of C- or HBRW 1302 with a minimum grade of C-

HBRW 2102. Intermediate Hebrew 2. (4 Hours)

Builds on HBRW 2101 and focuses on further development of vocabulary. Offers students an opportunity to continue to master grammar and conversation through written composition, prepared oral reports, and reading and discussion from contemporary Hebrew materials.

Prerequisite(s): (HBRW 2101 with a minimum grade of C- or HBRW 2301 with a minimum grade of C- ); (ENGL 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGL 1102 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1102 with a minimum grade of C )

Attribute(s): NUpath Writing Intensive

HBRW 2990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

HBRW 3990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

HBRW 4990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

HBRW 4992. Directed Study. (1-4 Hours)

Offers students a way of going beyond work given in the regular curriculum; may also enable students to complete major or minor requirements in certain situations. Priority is given to language majors and to juniors and seniors. May be repeated without limit.

HBRW 4993. Independent Study. (1-4 Hours)

Offers independent work under the direction of members of the department on a chosen topic. Course content depends on instructor. May be repeated up to three times.

INTP 1000. American Sign Language at Northeastern. (1 Hour)

Intended for freshmen and transfer students in the College of Social Sciences and Humanities who have interest in the ASL-English interpreting major and combined majors. Introduces freshmen to the liberal arts in general, campus and program resources, and the diverse makeup of the American Deaf Community. Offers students an opportunity to develop the academic skills necessary to become a successful university student (analytical ability and critical thinking); obtain grounding in the culture and values of the university community; and develop interpersonal skills.

INTP 1990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

INTP 2990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

INTP 3500. The Interpreting Profession. (2 Hours)

Presents an overview of the ASL–English interpreting profession. Discusses the emergence of sign language interpretation and translation; the responsibilities, ethics, and aptitudes of interpreters; professional associations; the bilingual and bicultural context; basic translation and interpretation; environments where interpreters work; special populations; and professional interpreter certifications.

Prerequisite(s): AMSL 2102 with a minimum grade of D-

INTP 3510. Interpreting Inquiry Texts. (4 Hours)

Focuses on the practical skills required for effective translation and interpretation in dialogue-type inquiry texts (job interviews, case histories, and applications). Presents an overview of linguistic and sociolinguistic features and situational aspects of inquiry texts. Introduces theoretical models of interpretation to students’ development of analytic and cognitive skills, in order that they may effectively identify message meaning and manage the cognitive processes of message transfer. Introduces intralingual translation and text analysis techniques. Offers students an opportunity to develop skills in translation, consecutive interpretation, and simultaneous interpretation and to gain decision-making skills and strategies to achieve cross-culturally effective and appropriate message mediation in contexts where interactive inquiry texts occur.

Prerequisite(s): AMSL 2102 with a minimum grade of D-

INTP 3515. Interpreting Narrative Texts. (4 Hours)

Focuses on the translation and interpretation of narrative texts (personal narratives, storytelling) and the development of strategic decision-making skills within the context of narrative texts. Presents an overview of linguistic and sociolinguistic features and situational aspects of narrative texts. Guides students in building cognitive processes and skills in translation, consecutive interpretation, simultaneous interpretation, and team interpretation. Offers students an opportunity to develop the decision-making skills needed for achieving cross-cultural, cross-linguistic message mediation in these settings.

Prerequisite(s): INTP 3510 with a minimum grade of D-

INTP 3550. Interpreting Scripted Texts. (4 Hours)

Guides students through the process of analyzing and interpreting frozen texts (plays, poems, and ceremonial scripts), from first read-through to final interpreted rendering of the performed text. Interpreting for theatrical or otherwise scripted communication is markedly different from other forms of interpreting. The availability of a script, ample time to rehearse, and the possibility of feedback makes this a hybrid practice—part interpreting, part translation, and part performance. Offers students an opportunity to learn how to analyze scripts for both content and interpreting issues; how to solve production problems of logistics, placement, and lighting; and how to interpret a series of performances for the Deaf Community. This course is offered in conjunction with or in advance of a theatre department production or other performed text.

Prerequisite(s): AMSL 2102 with a minimum grade of D- ; (ENGL 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGL 1102 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1102 with a minimum grade of C )

Attribute(s): NUpath Writing Intensive

INTP 3970. Research Methods for Interpreting and Translation. (4 Hours)

Offers an overview of research methodologies in interpreting and translation studies for students preparing for research capstone projects. Focuses on foundational theoretical knowledge and skills in research design, hypothesis testing, sampling and measurement, research ethics with deaf populations, as well as basic data analysis and interpretation. Offers students an opportunity to evaluate current literature in the discipline, write a project proposal to plan a research study or community-based project, and link social science research methods to sign language interpreting and translation practice.

Prerequisite(s): INTP 3500 with a minimum grade of C

Attribute(s): NUpath Analyzing/Using Data, NUpath Writing Intensive

INTP 3990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

INTP 4510. Interpreting Expository Texts. (4 Hours)

Focuses on the interpretation of expository texts (lectures, procedural texts) and the development of strategic decision-making skills within the context of expository texts. Presents an overview of linguistic and sociolinguistic features and situational aspects of expository texts. Reinforces models of interpretation in students’ practical development of analytic and cognitive skills, in order that they may effectively identify and transfer message meaning. Offers students an opportunity to further develop the cognitive processes and team interpretation skills to manage temporal constraints of simultaneous interpretation and to develop and apply the decision-making skills needed for achieving cross-cultural, cross-linguistic message mediation in these settings.

Prerequisite(s): INTP 3515 with a minimum grade of D-

INTP 4515. Interpreting Persuasive Texts. (4 Hours)

Focuses on the interpretation of persuasive texts (solicitation, political speeches) and the development of strategic decision-making skills within the context of persuasive texts. Presents an overview of linguistic and sociolinguistic features and situational aspects of persuasive texts. Offers students an opportunity to advance their analytic and cognitive skills for effectively identifying persuasive intent and meaning, in order to render accurate message transfer. Students practice and apply the cognitive processes and skills involved in translation, consecutive interpretation, and simultaneous interpretation with a goal of achieving effective cross-cultural, cross-linguistic message mediation in these settings.

Prerequisite(s): INTP 4510 with a minimum grade of D-

INTP 4650. Ethical Decision Making. (4 Hours)

Explores ethical standards and dilemmas in American Sign Language-English interpreting and other professions through discussions, hypothetical situations, and role-playing. Topics include culturally objective standards, ethics and professional principles, power relations within groups, and the Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf (RID) code of ethics. Compares various alternatives (i.e., consequence-based ethics) to a duty-based approach to the RID code and draws upon ethical fieldwork experience to analyze the principles that guide ethical decision making among professional interpreters.

Prerequisite(s): INTP 3515 with a minimum grade of C

Corequisite(s): INTP 4651

Attribute(s): NUpath Ethical Reasoning

INTP 4651. Ethical Fieldwork. (2 Hours)

Comprises the fieldwork component of INTP 4650. Places students in practical interpreting experiences in educational settings, agencies serving Deaf people, and with freelance interpreters. Focuses on ethical questions and dilemmas and decision making in a bi-weekly seminar format. Requires students to maintain a log and participate in online discussions. Fulfills the experiential education requirement for ASL majors.

Prerequisite(s): INTP 3515 with a minimum grade of D-

Corequisite(s): INTP 4650

INTP 4940. Interpreting Research Capstone. (4 Hours)

Requires students to undertake a research project focused on some aspect of American Sign Language-English interpretation. Students work individually or in research teams (with approval). In consultation with a faculty advisor, students select a research question, design and implement the data collection component of the project, analyze results, and write up their research findings. In addition to a written report, students also present their research results to ASL majors and community stakeholders at an annual ASL research symposium.

Prerequisite(s): INTP 3970 (may be taken concurrently) with a minimum grade of B- ; INTP 4651 with a minimum grade of D-

Attribute(s): NUpath Capstone Experience, NUpath Writing Intensive

INTP 4990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

INTP 4995. Interpreting Practicum. (4 Hours)

Places students in practical interpreting experiences in educational settings, agencies serving Deaf people, and with freelance interpreters. Requires students to record a set number of hours interpreting with supervision and analyze their work with the supervising interpreter. Students maintain a log, participate in discussions, present case studies drawn from their supervised work experience in seminars, and create a professional development plan for postgraduation. Fulfills the experiential education requirement for ASL majors.

Prerequisite(s): INTP 4651 with a minimum grade of S or INTP 4651 with a minimum grade of D-

Attribute(s): NUpath Integration Experience

ITLN 1101. Elementary Italian 1. (4 Hours)

Designed for students with very little or no prior knowledge of Italian. Provides a lively introduction to basic oral expression, listening comprehension, and elementary reading and writing. Each lesson incorporates helpful information about daily life in Italy and the varied cultures within the world of Italian speakers. Laboratory practice complements class work, enables students to work aloud at their own speed, reinforces their acquisition of essential structures, and acquaints them with a vast library of audio-visual resources.

ITLN 1102. Elementary Italian 2. (4 Hours)

Continues ITLN 1101. Reviews and continues the study of grammar and basic language skills. Offers progressively more intensive practice in oral and written communication. Laboratory practice complements class work, enables students to work aloud at their own speed, reinforces their acquisition of essential structures, and acquaints them with a vast library of audio-visual resources.

Prerequisite(s): ITLN 1101 with a minimum grade of C- or ITLN 1301 with a minimum grade of C-

ITLN 1990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

ITLN 2101. Intermediate Italian 1. (4 Hours)

Emphasizes further vocabulary building and mastery of fine points of grammar through written composition, prepared oral reports, and reading and discussion from current Italian periodicals.

Prerequisite(s): ITLN 1102 with a minimum grade of C- or ITLN 1302 with a minimum grade of C-

ITLN 2102. Intermediate Italian 2. (4 Hours)

Continues ITLN 2101. Emphasizes further vocabulary building and mastery of fine points of grammar through written composition, prepared oral reports, and reading and discussion from current Italian periodicals.

Prerequisite(s): ITLN 2101 with a minimum grade of C- or ITLN 2301 with a minimum grade of C-

ITLN 2990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

ITLN 3101. Advanced Italian 1. (4 Hours)

Stresses the fundamentals of Italian to promote effective self-expression through speaking and writing and to explore the idiomatic aspects of the language. Through progressive class discussions and oral and written commentaries, students analyze a contemporary Italian novel or a Italian cultural reader, screenplay, or collection of short stories. The course strives, first, to help students read and comprehend modern Italian writing with confidence and to be able to talk and write about it in good Italian; and second, to provide preparation for advanced courses.

Prerequisite(s): ITLN 2102 with a minimum grade of C- or ITLN 2302 with a minimum grade of C-

ITLN 3990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

ITLN 4990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

ITLN 4991. Research. (4 Hours)

Offers an opportunity to conduct research under faculty supervision. May be repeated without limit.

Attribute(s): NUpath Integration Experience

ITLN 4992. Directed Study. (1-4 Hours)

Offers students a way of going beyond work given in the regular curriculum; may also enable students to complete major or minor requirements in certain situations. Priority is given to language majors and to juniors and seniors. May be repeated without limit.

JPNS 1101. Elementary Japanese 1. (4 Hours)

Introduces basic grammar, sentence patterns, and vocabulary of Japanese with emphasis on spoken Japanese. Includes an introduction to the hiragana and katakana syllabaries in the written component. Designed for students with no previous knowledge of Japanese.

JPNS 1102. Elementary Japanese 2. (4 Hours)

Continues JPNS 1101. Emphasizes the development of oral skills; secondary emphasis is on reading. Offers students the opportunity to learn basic grammatical patterns, expand vocabulary, and improve communication skills in modern Japanese. Includes the introduction to kanji characters in the written component.

Prerequisite(s): JPNS 1101 with a minimum grade of C- or JPNS 1301 with a minimum grade of C-

JPNS 1990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

JPNS 2101. Intermediate Japanese 1. (4 Hours)

Emphasizes further vocabulary building. Offers students an opportunity to master the fine points of grammar through written composition, prepared oral reports, and reading and discussion from contemporary Japanese materials.

Prerequisite(s): JPNS 1102 with a minimum grade of C- or JPNS 1302 with a minimum grade of C-

JPNS 2102. Intermediate Japanese 2. (4 Hours)

Builds on JPNS 2101 and focuses on further development of vocabulary. Offers students an opportunity to continue to master grammar and conversation through written composition, prepared oral reports, and reading and discussion from contemporary Japanese materials.

Prerequisite(s): JPNS 2101 with a minimum grade of C- or JPNS 2301 with a minimum grade of C-

JPNS 2301. Intermediate Japanese Immersion 1. (4 Hours)

Designed for students who are in a Japanese-speaking country, this is an off-campus immersion course. Offers students an opportunity to continue to develop grammatical and conversational competence. Focuses on oral and aural skills that are enhanced by the immersion environment.

JPNS 2302. Intermediate Japanese Immersion 2. (4 Hours)

Designed for students who are in a Japanese-speaking country, this is an off-campus immersion course. Offers students an opportunity to continue to develop grammatical and conversational competence. Focuses on oral and aural skills that are enhanced by the immersion environment.

JPNS 2990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

JPNS 3101. Advanced Japanese 1. (4 Hours)

Continues further development of vocabulary. Offers students an opportunity to continue to master grammar and conversation through advanced reading, composition, grammar review, and listening skills. Whenever possible, offers students an opportunity to engage in local community activities to enhance communication skills and cultural knowledge.

Prerequisite(s): JPNS 2102 with a minimum grade of C- or JPNS 2302 with a minimum grade of C-

JPNS 3102. Advanced Japanese 2. (4 Hours)

Builds on JPNS 3101 and continues further development of vocabulary. Offers students an opportunity to continue to master grammar and conversation through advanced reading, composition, grammar review, and listening skills. Whenever possible, offers students an opportunity to engage in local community activities to enhance communication skills and cultural knowledge.

Prerequisite(s): JPNS 3101 with a minimum grade of C- or JPNS 3301 with a minimum grade of C-

JPNS 3800. Special Topics in Japanese. (1-4 Hours)

Focuses on a unique aspect of the Japanese language. The specific topics are chosen to reflect current developments in the language and expressed student interests. Focuses on the use of the language for specific purposes or its use in specialized settings (e.g., media, business, health).

JPNS 3900. Specialized Instruction in Japanese. (1-4 Hours)

Designed for individuals whose language skills are at an advanced level and who seek specially focused language instruction. Such instruction might be the use of the language in specific settings, or it might be focused on specific conversational nuances of the language. Requires at least an advanced level of competence in the language. May be repeated without limit.

JPNS 3990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

JPNS 4990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

JPNS 4992. Directed Study. (1-4 Hours)

Offers students a way of going beyond work given in the regular curriculum; may also enable students to complete major or minor requirements in certain situations. Priority is given to language majors and to juniors and seniors. May be repeated without limit.

JPNS 5976. Directed Study. (1 Hour)

Offers independent work under the direction of members of the department on a chosen topic. Course content depends on instructor. May be repeated without limit.

CLTR 1000. Cultures, Societies, and Global Studies at Northeastern. (1 Hour)

Introduces first-year students in the College of Social Sciences and Humanities to the liberal arts in general. Seeks to familiarize them with their major, to help them develop the academic skills necessary to succeed (analytical ability and critical thinking), to provide grounding in the culture and values of the university community, to help them develop interpersonal skills, and to familiarize them with all skills needed to become a successful university student.

CLTR 1120. Introduction to Languages, Literature, and Culture. (4 Hours)

Examines the rich interconnections between literature and language and the culture that supports them. Discusses the relationship of language to literature and investigates how language and literatures are embedded in culture. Addresses several very broad and important questions, such as the relationship between language and culture; the relationship between language and thought; the definition of cultural relativism; and how ethical dilemmas are expressed in different cultures. Explores the relationship of esthetic and rhetorical traditions in given languages to the culture from which they sprang. In this context, examines the extremely interesting case of American Sign Language and how a gestural language sheds light on these issues.

Attribute(s): NUpath Interpreting Culture

CLTR 1151. Muslim Writers and the Qur’an (in English Translations). (4 Hours)

Covers selected writers who fairly represent a wide range of Muslim attitudes to the Qur’an. Muslim writers use the Qur’an for political and social criticism, question Qur’anic texts related to the status of women, or question the authenticity of the Qur’an itself. After 9/11, however, Muslim writers in the West have presented characters who find in the Qur’an a source of positive powers. Readings are drawn from works such as the following: Leila Aboulela, Minaret; Monica Ali, Brick Lane; Gamal Al-Ghitani, Zayni Barakat; Tehmina Durrani, Blasphemy; Nuruddin Farah, Maps; Taha Hussein, An Egyptian Childhood; Yusuf Idris, “A House of Flesh”; C. H. Kane, Ambiguous Adventure; Hanif Kureishi, The Black Album and “My Son the Fanatic”; Naguib Mahfouz, The Children of the Alley.

CLTR 1240. Latin American Film. (4 Hours)

Examines contemporary works of cinematography in Latin America, focusing on the culture and imagery of the Spanish-, French-, and Portuguese-speaking peoples of the Western hemisphere, including the United States. Critically engages—from a technical (cinematographic), genre, and sociohistorical perspective—topics of history, memory, and cultural resiliency; colonialism, racism, and patriarchy; dictatorship, revolution, and democratization; and nationalism, dependency, and globalization. Conducted in English; most films are in French, Portuguese, or Spanish with English subtitles.

Attribute(s): NUpath Interpreting Culture

CLTR 1251. Dante’s Inferno and Medieval Italian Culture. (4 Hours)

Introduces an overview of Dante’s Commedia focusing on the first book, “Inferno,” read in English translation. Examines the descending stages of hell; their meanings; and their social, political, and historical relevance for Dante’s society. Dante’s Divina Commedia created a powerful world, one that had a deep meaning for both the author and the reader of that time. But can one so easily understand it as constructed by the Commedia in the Middle Ages? Does Dante’s world have relevance today as well? Some scholars may say it does more so than ever. If so, how? Through analysis of selected chapters (Canti), students have an opportunity to attempt to establish their possible relevance to the modern human condition and perhaps even to themselves.

Attribute(s): NUpath Ethical Reasoning, NUpath Interpreting Culture

CLTR 1260. Japanese Film. (4 Hours)

Provides an introduction to Japanese film through works by such great masters as Kurosawa, Mizoguchi, and Ozu, as well as works by new directors from the 1980s and 1990s such as Tami, Morita, and Suo. Studies both form and content; relates major works to Japanese culture. Conducted in English.

CLTR 1261. Caribbean Literature and Culture. (4 Hours)

Provides a comparative introduction to the modern literary traditions of the Spanish-, English, and French-speaking Caribbean. Includes authors such as Carpentier (Cuba), Naipaul (Trinidad), Zobel (Martinique), and Cardenal (Nicaragua). Conducted in English.

CLTR 1500. Modern Chinese History and Culture. (4 Hours)

Introduces modern Chinese history and culture through literary works, films, and historical texts. Examines political, social, and cultural changes in China since 1800: the decline of empire; the New Culture Movement of the 1920s; the rise of nationalism and rural revolution; the changing roles of women; the Cultural Revolution of the 1960s; and China’s cinematic, literary, and economic engagement with the world since 1978. Taught in English and open to all undergraduates. CLTR 1500 and HIST 1500 are cross-listed.

Attribute(s): NUpath Interpreting Culture, NUpath Societies/Institutions

CLTR 1501. Introduction to French Culture. (4 Hours)

Explores contemporary France and French mentality through lectures, screenings, readings, and discussions. Topics covered include the modern vs. the traditional family, social reproduction, gender norms, culture and social distinction, the concept of “grandeur,” identity, and immigration. Offers students an opportunity to evaluate historical and sociological readings, films, documentaries, and TV commercials; to compare French and American systems; and to consider contemporary human and social behaviors in the face of globalization.

Attribute(s): NUpath Interpreting Culture, NUpath Societies/Institutions

CLTR 1502. Introduction to Arabic Culture. (4 Hours)

Designed to provide students with an in-depth survey of Arabic culture. Familiarizes students with the roots of one of the richest and oldest cultures but also seeks to satisfy their curiosity concerning certain social norms, patterns, and cultural traits in contemporary Arabic societies. Examines cultural manifestations ranging from the hijab (head covering), Jihad (holy struggle), human rights, polygamy, gender relations, public behavior, and many others by providing the historical backgrounds for these customs and traditions as well as exploring how they are now perceived in various Arab societies as well as in the West. Seeks to provide students with an appreciation for this multifaceted culture but most importantly a broad perspective on Arabic culture within the context of the universal human experience.

Attribute(s): NUpath Interpreting Culture, NUpath Societies/Institutions

CLTR 1503. Introduction to Italian Culture. (4 Hours)

Explores the construction of an Italian national cultural identity through a historical and cross-disciplinary perspective from the Middle Ages; the Renaissance; and the modern, post–WWII period. Organized into modules that focus on the major issues related to the idea of unity and division such as north and south divide, regionalism, language pluralism, fascism and dissent, criminal organizations, and migration. Conducted in English.

Attribute(s): NUpath Interpreting Culture

CLTR 1504. Cultural History of Spain. (4 Hours)

Examines chronologically the forces that have forged Spanish culture and have made Spain the pluralistic society and multinational country it is today. Traces the development of the peoples of the Iberian Peninsula from prehistoric times to the present. Based primarily on the history of ideas, the arts, and architecture, incorporates history, sociology, anthropology, geography, economics, and politics. Conducted in English.

Attribute(s): NUpath Interpreting Culture, NUpath Societies/Institutions

CLTR 1505. Latin American Culture, History, and Politics. (4 Hours)

Offers students an opportunity to learn about Latin American culture through the study of historical episodes such as colonization, independence, and dictatorships. Explores current issues including migration, globalization, and digital media. Examines writings by Latin American authors and selected films from Latin America. Conducted in English.

Attribute(s): NUpath Interpreting Culture, NUpath Societies/Institutions

CLTR 1506. Introduction to Chinese Popular Culture. (4 Hours)

Provides a comprehensive examination of modern Chinese popular culture in the People’s Republic of China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. From film to literature, from music to theatre, this course probes popular culture as it has manifested itself and traces its sociopolitical, aesthetic, and affective impact on modern China, with special attention to negotiations between the elite and the popular discourses.

CLTR 1700. Introduction to Japanese Pop Culture. (4 Hours)

Provides an introduction to Japanese popular culture through critical analysis of mass media such as film, television, comics, and animation. Investigates various social and cultural issues, such as gender, family, and education. Films and videos supplement readings. Conducted in English.

Attribute(s): NUpath Interpreting Culture

CLTR 1990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

CLTR 2001. World Cultures through Film. (4 Hours)

Introduces the study of world cinema from the past several decades as a form of artistic and cultural expression. Emphasizes the way that different ethnicities and cultures mix and even clash within national boundaries. Readings cover such topics as the postcolonial inheritance, immigration, the boundaries of class, the pressures of modernization, ethnic identities, and historical memory. Examines storytelling in its multicultural aspects and deals with the diverse influences of entertainment cinema and art cinema, as well as measures taken by countries to limit the influx of foreign films in order to protect their own cultural productivity. One overall concern of the course is the place of film in contemporary global culture.

Attribute(s): NUpath Interpreting Culture, NUpath Societies/Institutions

CLTR 2451. Postcolonial Women Writers. (4 Hours)

Examines the literature and cultures of postcolonial nations in the Caribbean, Africa, Asia, and elsewhere through the lens of gender. Designed to familiarize students with the relationships between cultural paradigms associated with gender and transnational experiences of colonialism. Focuses on the variety of artistic strategies employed by writers to communicate the impacts of gender and sexuality on contemporary postcolonial themes such as neocolonialism, nationalism, and diaspora. Writers may include Chimamanda Adichie, Nawal El Saadawi, Marjane Satrapi, Bessie Head, Arundhati Roy, Banana Yoshimoto, Sonia Singh, and Dionne Brand. ENGL 2451, WMNS 2451, and CLTR 2451 are cross-listed.

Prerequisite(s): ENGW 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1102 with a minimum grade of C or ENGL 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGL 1102 with a minimum grade of C

Attribute(s): NUpath Difference/Diversity, NUpath Interpreting Culture

CLTR 2715. New Media Narratives in Latin America: Local and Global Dimensions. (4 Hours)

Focuses on Latin America as a region of rich technological creativity in the digital media landscape of the 21st century. Explores how social networks, computational technologies, and digital devices are subject to creative hacks that incorporate alternative economies and knowledge models and enact social and artistic movements. Examines how hacks or adaptations of new media traverse the local dimensions of the current global technocultural landscape and invite reflection on the multiplex relationships fostered by digital media around the world. Offers students an opportunity to analyze cultural artifacts and phenomena in Latin America in a comparative global setting and engage in innovative expression by creating reflexive multimedia artifacts of their own, replicating the creative and adaptive uses studied in the class. Taught in English.

Attribute(s): NUpath Creative Express/Innov, NUpath Interpreting Culture

CLTR 2850. Apps, Memes, and Bots: Global Literature in the Age of the Internet. (4 Hours)

Introduces students to new and emerging forms of electronic literature like augmented reality applications, participatory narratives, literary apps, memes, and social media bots. Focuses on born digital literature created around the world. Explores the theories and approaches to reading electronic works in a globalized world. Offers students an opportunity to read, critique, and author works of electronic literature. Although a reading knowledge of a second language can enhance the students’ experience, the course is fully taught in English.

Attribute(s): NUpath Creative Express/Innov

CLTR 2990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

CLTR 3418. Nationalism. (4 Hours)

Explores contending theories of identity and nationalism—a powerful force in international and domestic politics. Examines topics such as the process of identity creation, the choice of national symbols, how group boundaries are established, the role of identity in conflict and state building, and the debate over nationalism’s constructed or primordial nature. POLS 3418 and CLTR 3418 are cross-listed.

Prerequisite(s): POLS 1155 with a minimum grade of D- or POLS 1160 with a minimum grade of D-

Attribute(s): NUpath Interpreting Culture, NUpath Societies/Institutions

CLTR 3501. Caribbean Literature and Culture. (4 Hours)

Provides a comparative introduction to the modern literary traditions of the Spanish-, English, and French-speaking Caribbean. Includes authors such as Carpentier (Cuba), Naipaul (Trinidad), Zobel (Martinique), and Cardenal (Nicaragua). Conducted in English.

CLTR 3502. Cervantes and His Times. (4 Hours)

Introduces students to Don Quixote de la Mancha, Cervantes’ major work as well as Spain’s greatest masterpiece and its supreme gift to Western culture. Studies Cervantes’ minor works, The Exemplary Novels and Interludes. Examines literary, sociological, philosophical, and historical matters: the development of the novel, genre and narratology, role-playing and representation, and Spain’s triumphs and defeats. Deals with the Spanish Inquisition and censorship, and examines themes such as madness, truth and lying, and appearance and reality. Conducted in English.

Prerequisite(s): (ENGL 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGL 1102 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1102 with a minimum grade of C ); SPNS 2102 with a minimum grade of D-

Attribute(s): NUpath Writing Intensive

CLTR 3503. Russian Literature in Translation. (4 Hours)

Surveys and analyzes in English the major works of Russian literature of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, with emphasis on the historical context. Selected writers include Pushkin, Gogol, Turgenev, Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, and Chekhov.

CLTR 3520. International Perspectives. (4 Hours)

Uses major representative works of fiction from the modern European tradition to introduce students to an array of theoretical and critical perspectives (cognitivism, Marxism, formalism, and identity politics). Major authors include Dostoevsky, Mann, Kafka, Camus, Duras, and Achebe. Team-taught in English by members of the modern language department. Serves as an introduction to literature for language majors, who can get credit in their field of concentration by reading some of the works in the original language.

CLTR 3715. New Narratives: Latin America after 1989. (4 Hours)

Focuses on film, literature, and new media. This course offers a panoramic view of the Latin American cultural production after 1989, attempting to characterize the variety of styles and trends. Relates the texts and movies to the socio, political, and economic issues of the moment, i.e., implementation of neoliberal democracies, globalization, neocolonialism, resistance, new social movements, etc. Also studies links between Latin America and the United States and between Latin America and Spain. Focuses on texts written by relatively young authors. Taught in Spanish.

Prerequisite(s): SPNS 2102 with a minimum grade of D- or SPNS 3101 with a minimum grade of D- or SPNS 3102 with a minimum grade of D-

CLTR 3720. Literature, Arts, and Poverty in Latin America. (4 Hours)

Focuses on the construction, characteristics, and representation of poverty/the poor in Latin American texts from the thirties and sixties and in the works of contemporary Latin American writers and film directors. Discusses the relation of these works to a “realist tradition” by studying social, political, and cultural aspects of Latin America from the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Considers whether we are facing a new kind of realism. Also engages the problem of representation, the “role of literature” (ethics and literature), and its relation with politics and the global economy (literature and the market) in the Latin American context. Taught in Spanish.

Prerequisite(s): SPNS 2102 with a minimum grade of D- or SPNS 3101 with a minimum grade of D- or SPNS 3102 with a minimum grade of D-

CLTR 3725. Representing Violence and Human Rights in Latin America. (4 Hours)

Studies the idea of violence and how it relates to the social, economic, and political situation in Latin America. Students watch films and documentaries and read novels, testimonies, short stories, and poems of several artistic movements to study how violence is represented/visualized in these texts. Also addresses the topics of historical memory and human rights by using basic theoretical texts about the concept of violence, memory, and human rights. Studies four moments in recent Latin American history: Mexico 1968, Shining Path and Peru in the 1980s and 1990s, the genocide in Guatemala, and the dictatorships in the Southern Cone. Taught in Spanish.

Prerequisite(s): SPNS 2102 with a minimum grade of D- or SPNS 3101 with a minimum grade of D- or SPNS 3102 with a minimum grade of D-

CLTR 3805. Culture, Politics, and Media in Spain. (4 Hours)

Offers an in-depth critical inquiry into the current debates in the public sphere in Spain focusing on the politics of culture and identity as they both inform and challenge the very foundations of a modern nation-state. Arguably the first political entity in modern times to have been constructed as a state unified under one religion, one people, and one monarch, Spain is today an early example of a growing tendency toward national fragmentation and disintegration. Examines the ways in which current events in Spain may be the presage to an ever more unstable world order. Considers the possibility of a higher state of global governance beyond the nation-state and empire. Taught in English.

Attribute(s): NUpath Difference/Diversity, NUpath Interpreting Culture

CLTR 3990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

CLTR 4550. From Knights to Revolution. (4 Hours)

Introduces major works of French literature from the Middle Ages up through the eighteenth century. Textual analysis, examination of the social and historical context of these works, and explanations of literary terms and devices through readings and class discussions are designed to contribute to the understanding and appreciation of this body of French literature.

Prerequisite(s): FRNH 3101 with a minimum grade of D-

CLTR 4551. Modern French and Francophone Literature. (4 Hours)

Introduces major works of French literature from the nineteenth century on. Textual analysis, examination of the social and historical context of these works, and explanations of literary terms and devices through readings and class discussions are designed to contribute to the understanding and appreciation of this body of French literature.

Prerequisite(s): FRNH 3101 with a minimum grade of D-

CLTR 4555. French Poetry. (4 Hours)

Provides students with a survey of French poetry through the ages, focusing on representative works of the major French poets. Studies poems in their literary and historical context with an examination of various aspects of French versification. Conducted in French.

Prerequisite(s): CLTR 4551 with a minimum grade of D- or LITR 4551 with a minimum grade of D-

CLTR 4560. Masterpieces of Spanish Literature: 18th–20th Century. (4 Hours)

Surveys the literature of eighteenth-, nineteenth-, and twentieth-century Spain. Includes the literary movements of romanticism, realism, and the Generation of ‘98. Conducted in Spanish.

Prerequisite(s): SPNS 3101 with a minimum grade of D-

CLTR 4561. Masterpieces of Spanish Literature: 12th–17th Century. (4 Hours)

Traces the development of Spanish literature from the Middle Ages (las jarchas, El poema del Cid, El libro de buen amor, La Celestina) through the Renaissance and Baroque periods or Golden Age (Garcilaso de la Vega, the picaresque novel, the mystics, Cervantes, Lope de Vega, Calderon). Conducted in Spanish.

Prerequisite(s): SPNS 3101 with a minimum grade of D-

CLTR 4565. Spanish Golden Age. (4 Hours)

Examines plays by the outstanding dramatists of the seventeenth century in Spain: Lope de Vega, Calderón de la Barca, Tirso de Molina, Ruiz de Alarcón, and others. Conducted in Spanish.

Prerequisite(s): CLTR 4560 with a minimum grade of D- or LITR 4560 with a minimum grade of D-

CLTR 4655. Latin American Literature. (4 Hours)

Offers an overview of the major trends in Latin American narrative, poetry, drama, and essays, from Bernal Diaz through Borges and Bolaño. Studies broad cultural and political contexts, especially the Cold War period and the impact of neoliberalism. Conducted in Spanish.

Prerequisite(s): SPNS 2101 with a minimum grade of D- or SPNS 2102 with a minimum grade of D- or SPNS 3101 with a minimum grade of D- or SPNS 3102 with a minimum grade of D-

Attribute(s): NUpath Interpreting Culture, NUpath Writing Intensive

CLTR 4850. The Splendid Century. (4 Hours)

Presents a study of the golden age of French literature in seventeenth-century France, spanning the baroque and classical periods, and evoking the grandeur of the era of Louis XIV and Versailles. Readings cover a rich and diverse body of literature encompassing poetry, theatre, philosophy, the novel, and epistolary writing. The authors studied include Corneille, Racine, Moliere, Descartes, Pascal, and La Rochefoucauld. Conducted in French, with English permitted.

Prerequisite(s): CLTR 4551 with a minimum grade of D- or LITR 4551 with a minimum grade of D-

CLTR 4860. Age of Enlightenment. (4 Hours)

Studies the eighteenth century in France: the Enlightenment. It was an age of challenge to established authority, institutions, and modes of thought. This intellectual and political vitality is reflected in works of Marivaux, Fontenelle, Montesquieu, and Voltaire. It is followed by the awakening of the Romantic sensibility as found in such authors as Diderot, Rousseau, and Bernardin de St. Pierre. Conducted in French, with English permitted.

Prerequisite(s): CLTR 4551 with a minimum grade of D- or LITR 4551 with a minimum grade of D-

CLTR 4870. Romantic Heritage. (4 Hours)

Treats French Romanticism and its aftermath from a literary and cultural standpoint. Examines Romanticism in poetry and drama, as well as its continuation into the realist novel. Readings include the works of Lamartine, Hugo, Balzac, and Flaubert. Also explores the development of the Parnassian and Symbolist movements. Readings include the works of Baudelaire, Verlaine, Rimbaud, and Mallarmé, precursors of all modern literature. Conducted in French, with English permitted.

Prerequisite(s): CLTR 4551 with a minimum grade of D- or LITR 4551 with a minimum grade of D-

CLTR 4944. Cultural Engagement Abroad. (4 Hours)

Designed for a language-based Dialogue of Civilizations. Complements the intensive language course that students take while on a language-based Dialogue. Offers students an opportunity to obtain an in-depth knowledge of the contemporary culture(s) of the country of the Dialogue and how that culture differs from or is similar to contemporary American cultural values and practices. In addition to regular in-class lectures and activities, offers structured opportunities to engage in dialogue with businesspeople, scholars, educators, artists, government officials, journalists, students, senior citizens, and/or local residents about their perspectives on various topics and issues. May be repeated up to three times.

CLTR 4990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

CLTR 4992. Directed Study. (1-4 Hours)

Offers students a way of going beyond work given in the regular curriculum; may also enable students to complete major or minor requirements in certain situations. Priority is given to language majors and to juniors and seniors. May be repeated without limit.

LANG 1990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

LANG 2990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

LANG 4700. Capstone Seminar. (4 Hours)

Provides the graduating student the opportunity to integrate the intellectual aspects of the program with its experiential elements, especially the study-abroad portion of the students’ program.

Prerequisite(s): CLTR 4551 with a minimum grade of D- or LITR 4551 with a minimum grade of D-

Attribute(s): NUpath Capstone Experience

LANG 4990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

LANG 4992. Directed Study. (1-4 Hours)

Offers students a way of going beyond work given in the regular curriculum; may also enable students to complete major or minor requirements in certain situations. Priority is given to language majors and to juniors and seniors. May be repeated without limit.

LITR 1990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

LITR 2990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

LITR 3990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

LITR 4990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

PORT 1101. Elementary Portuguese 1. (4 Hours)

Designed for students with very little or no prior knowledge of Portuguese. Presents essentials of Portuguese as it is spoken in Brazil through acquisition of basic skills in speaking, reading, writing, and aural comprehension.

PORT 1102. Elementary Portuguese 2. (4 Hours)

Continues the study of Brazilian Portuguese at the elementary level. Includes completion of basic grammatical usage, reading of contemporary Brazilian material, and increased emphasis on oral and aural skills.

Prerequisite(s): PORT 1101 with a minimum grade of C- or PORT 1301 with a minimum grade of C-

PORT 1501. Accelerated Elementary Portuguese 1. (4 Hours)

Introduces Portuguese to native/heritage speakers of Spanish, beginner-level heritage speakers of Portuguese, and students who have completed at least two levels of intermediate Spanish. Focuses on fundamental communication skills—speaking, aural comprehension, reading, and writing. Also explores cultural elements of the Portuguese-speaking countries. Students who do not have the preparation described may seek permission of instructor. This course is the equivalent of completing two semesters of elementary Portuguese.

PORT 1990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

PORT 2101. Intermediate Portuguese 1. (4 Hours)

Emphasizes further vocabulary building. Offers students an opportunity to master the fine points of grammar through written composition, prepared oral reports, and reading and discussion from contemporary Portuguese materials.

Prerequisite(s): PORT 1102 with a minimum grade of C- or PORT 1302 with a minimum grade of C-

PORT 2102. Intermediate Portuguese 2. (4 Hours)

Builds on PORT 2101 and focuses on further development of vocabulary. Offers students an opportunity to continue to master grammar and conversation through written composition, prepared oral reports, and reading and discussion from contemporary Portuguese materials.

Prerequisite(s): (PORT 2101 with a minimum grade of C- or PORT 2301 with a minimum grade of C- ); (ENGL 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGL 1102 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1102 with a minimum grade of C )

Attribute(s): NUpath Writing Intensive

PORT 2990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

PORT 3990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

PORT 4990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

PORT 4992. Directed Study. (1-4 Hours)

Offers students a way of going beyond work given in the regular curriculum; may also enable students to complete major or minor requirements in certain situations. Priority is given to language majors and to juniors and seniors. May be repeated without limit.

PORT 5976. Directed Study. (1 Hour)

Offers independent work under the direction of members of the department on a chosen topic. Course content depends on instructor. May be repeated without limit.

RSSN 1101. Elementary Russian 1. (4 Hours)

Explores the essentials of grammar, practice in pronunciation, acquisition of basic vocabulary, and idiomatic expressions of everyday Russian.

RSSN 1102. Elementary Russian 2. (4 Hours)

Continues RSSN 1101. Studies grammar and spoken and written forms of the language. Covers more advanced features of the language.

Prerequisite(s): RSSN 1101 with a minimum grade of C- or RSSN 1301 with a minimum grade of C-

RSSN 1990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

RSSN 2101. Intermediate Russian 1. (4 Hours)

Emphasizes further vocabulary building. Offers students an opportunity to master the fine points of grammar through written composition, prepared oral reports, and reading and discussion from contemporary Russian materials.

Prerequisite(s): RSSN 1102 with a minimum grade of C- or RSSN 1302 with a minimum grade of C-

RSSN 2102. Intermediate Russian 2. (4 Hours)

Builds on RSSN 2101 and focuses on further development of vocabulary. Offers students an opportunity to continue to master grammar and conversation through written composition, prepared oral reports, and reading and discussion from contemporary Russian materials.

Prerequisite(s): (RSSN 2101 with a minimum grade of C- or RSSN 2301 with a minimum grade of C- ); (ENGL 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGL 1102 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1102 with a minimum grade of C )

Attribute(s): NUpath Writing Intensive

RSSN 2990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

RSSN 3990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

RSSN 4990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

RSSN 4992. Directed Study. (1-4 Hours)

Offers students a way of going beyond work given in the regular curriculum; may also enable students to complete major or minor requirements in certain situations. Priority is given to language majors and to juniors and seniors. May be repeated without limit.

RSSN 4993. Independent Study. (1-4 Hours)

Offers independent work under the direction of members of the department on a chosen topic. Course content depends on instructor. May be repeated up to three times.

RSSN 5976. Directed Study. (1 Hour)

Offers independent work under the direction of members of the department on a chosen topic. Course content depends on instructor. May be repeated without limit.

SPNS 1101. Elementary Spanish 1. (4 Hours)

Designed for students with little or no knowledge of Spanish. Presents essentials of correct Spanish usage through acquisition of basic skills in reading, speaking, writing, and aural comprehension.

SPNS 1102. Elementary Spanish 2. (4 Hours)

Continues SPNS 1101. Includes completion of basic grammatical usage, reading of contemporary Hispanic material, and increased stress on oral and aural skills.

Prerequisite(s): SPNS 1101 with a minimum grade of D- or SPNS 1301 with a minimum grade of D- or Spanish Placement Test with a score of 126

SPNS 1990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

SPNS 2101. Intermediate Spanish 1. (4 Hours)

Emphasizes further vocabulary building. Offers students an opportunity to master the fine points of grammar through written composition, prepared oral reports, and reading and discussion from contemporary Spanish materials.

Prerequisite(s): SPNS 1102 with a minimum grade of D- or SPNS 1302 with a minimum grade of D- or Spanish Placement Test with a score of 226

SPNS 2102. Intermediate Spanish 2. (4 Hours)

Builds on SPNS 2101 and focuses on further development of vocabulary. Offers students an opportunity to continue to master grammar and conversation through written composition, prepared oral reports, and reading and discussion from contemporary Spanish materials.

Prerequisite(s): (SPNS 2101 with a minimum grade of D- or SPNS 2301 with a minimum grade of D- or Spanish Placement Test with a score of 326); (ENGL 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGL 1102 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1111 with a minimum grade of C or ENGW 1102 with a minimum grade of C )

Attribute(s): NUpath Writing Intensive

SPNS 2401. Intermediate Spanish 1 for Healthcare Professionals. (4 Hours)

Reviews the present tense of regular, irregular, yo form irregular, and stem-changing verbs. Explores the preterite and imperfect tenses and the command forms formal (usted and ustedes). Topics also include por vs. para. Offers students an opportunity to practice a number of different medical scenarios in the emergency room, medical center, hospital, laboratory, and the X-ray room. Reviews the parts of the body and conducting a physical exam with a patient. Students practice taking a medical history and doing an extensive physical exam in Spanish.

Prerequisite(s): SPNS 1102 with a minimum grade of D- or SPNS 1302 with a minimum grade of D- or SPNS 1402 with a minimum grade of D- or Spanish Placement Test with a score of 226

SPNS 2402. Intermediate Spanish 2 for Healthcare Professionals. (4 Hours)

Reviews all the preterite and imperfect tenses and introduces the present subjunctive. Offers students an opportunity to practice the command forms formal (ud./uds.) and different medical scenarios as well as to learn a variety of medical procedures and treatments for different illnesses. The course is designed to prepare students to converse with their patients at an intermediate level and discuss a variety of treatments for different medical conditions.

Prerequisite(s): SPNS 2101 with a minimum grade of D- or SPNS 2301 with a minimum grade of D- or SPNS 2401 with a minimum grade of D- or Spanish Placement Test with a score of 326

SPNS 2900. Specialized Instruction in Spanish. (1-4 Hours)

Designed for individuals whose language skills are at the intermediate level and who seek specially focused language instruction. Such instruction might be the use of the language in specific settings, or it might be focused on specific conversational nuances of the language. Students must have at least an elementary level of competence in the language. May be repeated without limit.

SPNS 2990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

SPNS 3101. Advanced Spanish 1. (4 Hours)

Continues further development of vocabulary. Offers students an opportunity to continue to master grammar and conversation through advanced reading, composition, grammar review, and listening skills. Whenever possible, offers students an opportunity to engage in local community activities to enhance communication skills and cultural knowledge.

Prerequisite(s): SPNS 2102 with a minimum grade of D- or SPNS 2302 with a minimum grade of D- or Spanish Placement Test with a score of 411

SPNS 3102. Advanced Spanish 2: Hispanic and Latinx Identity. (4 Hours)

Builds on SPNS 3101 and continues the integrated development of advanced language skills through cultural exploration. Includes class discussion, project-based learning, and one-on-one conversations with native speakers from around the Spanish-speaking world. Offers students an opportunity to gain a deeper understanding of the diverse gender, ethnic, racial, religious, national, and linguistic identities of Hispanic and Latinx communities in Spanish-speaking countries and the United States.

Prerequisite(s): SPNS 3101 with a minimum grade of D- or SPNS 3301 with a minimum grade of D-

Attribute(s): NUpath Difference/Diversity, NUpath Interpreting Culture

SPNS 3401. Advanced Spanish 1 for Healthcare Professionals. (4 Hours)

Reviews the command forms formal (ud./uds.), present subjunctive, and the imperfect subjunctive. Other topics include different medical conditions, such as skin disorders, and cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, genitourinary diseases, etc. Offers students an opportunity to practice having discussions with their Spanish-speaking patients regarding the different conditions that affect them and to discuss a variety of treatment options. Focuses on preventative medicine—talking about the importance of a healthy diet, exercising, etc. The class is conducted entirely in Spanish.

Prerequisite(s): SPNS 2102 with a minimum grade of D- or SPNS 2302 with a minimum grade of D- or SPNS 2402 with a minimum grade of D- or Spanish Placement Test with a score of 411

SPNS 3501. Advanced Spanish Conversation: Global Communication. (4 Hours)

Designed for nonnative and native speakers whose language skills are at the advanced level and who seek specialized conversational language instruction. Focuses on current global issues, with particular attention paid to events in the Spanish-speaking world and Latinos in the United States. Offers students an opportunity to enrich vocabulary and enhance oral and written communication. Students who do not meet course prerequisites may seek permission of instructor.

Prerequisite(s): SPNS 3101 with a minimum grade of D- or SPNS 3102 with a minimum grade of D-

SPNS 3601. Exploring Spoken Spanish. (4 Hours)

Uses project-based learning to help students build their confidence to interact with native speakers throughout the Spanish-speaking world by improving their pronunciation and listening comprehension, as well as increasing their awareness of the variation that exists in spoken Spanish. Briefly introduces the history of the Spanish language and the many Spanish-speaking communities around the world. Explores the Spanish sound system as it relates to both students' own pronunciation and to the diversity of dialects in the Spanish-speaking world. Offers students an opportunity to examine their own pronunciation, participate in one-on-one conversations with native speakers, analyze real examples of spoken Spanish, and consider the role of Spanish in bilingual communities around the world.

Prerequisite(s): SPNS 2102 with a minimum grade of D- or SPNS 3101 with a minimum grade of D- or SPNS 3102 with a minimum grade of D- or SPNS 3900 with a minimum grade of D-

SPNS 3800. Special Topics in Spanish. (1-4 Hours)

Focuses on a unique aspect of the Spanish language. The specific topics are chosen to reflect current developments in the language and expressed student interests. Focuses on the use of the language for specific purposes or its use in specialized settings (e.g., media, business, health). Requires at least an intermediate level of skill in the language. May be repeated up to three times.

SPNS 3900. Specialized Instruction in Spanish. (1-4 Hours)

Designed for individuals whose language skills are at an advanced level and who seek specially focused language instruction. Such instruction might be the use of the language in specific settings, or it might be focused on specific conversational nuances of the language. Requires at least an advanced level of competence in the language. May be repeated without limit.

SPNS 3990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

SPNS 4800. Special Topics in Spanish. (1-4 Hours)

Focuses on a unique aspect of the Spanish language. The specific topics are chosen to reflect current developments in the language and expressed student interests. Focuses on the use of the language for specific purposes or its use in specialized settings (e.g., media, business, health). Requires at least an advanced level of skill in the language. May be repeated up to four times.

SPNS 4990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

SPNS 4992. Directed Study. (1-4 Hours)

Offers students a way of going beyond work given in the regular curriculum; may also enable students to complete major or minor requirements in certain situations. Priority is given to language majors and to juniors and seniors. May be repeated without limit.

SWHL 1990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

SWHL 2990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

SWHL 3990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.

SWHL 4990. Elective. (1-4 Hours)

Offers elective credit for courses taken at other academic institutions. May be repeated without limit.